The psychology of the aura that makes your heart strong
Chapter 6 Poetry and Bookishness in the Belly
Chapter 6 Poetry and Bookishness in the Belly
Poetry and book spirit in the abdomen——fresh energy in the aura field
Higashiyama Kaii wrote: "There is a road in my heart, this road is neither a bright sunny road, nor a road covered with bleak shadows, but a road that breathes calmly and serenely in the early morning twilight. The open, open and free way." In the silence, is your heart touched quietly?Looking back on your own life, is your life path permeated with a touch of book fragrance?
Samuel Smiles said: "Man is what he reads." The process of reading is the process of recreating life. What kind of book you read reflects what kind of person you are.So, think back carefully, what have you read?What kind of books to immerse yourself in?Do these reading materials meet your desire to be a human being?Is it your wish to grow hair by reading?And in the future, what kind of choice should we make when reading?You know, it's a choice of what kind of life to live!
1. Reading is a luxury
Many people read more and bought less in bookstores when they were in school.After work, I often buy more and see less.After buying a new book, only a small part can be read from beginning to end, and most of them are just flipping through to get a general idea.One is too busy to have time, the second is too busy to have energy, the third is too busy to be in the mood, and the fourth is too busy to study efficiently.Over time, reading has become a luxury."Life planning" is very popular in the workplace now. People have been planning their careers since they were students, and almost all their time and energy are spent on professional areas related to career planning. In this regard, they know how to Use time efficiently.Therefore, most young people at work spend most of their time reading, but they are by no means "idle books" such as novels, but are all books related to the work they do. In their words, they are "study books". books, professional books". "I'm too busy with work, so I don't have time to read idle books." They said.Some of them who love to read turned to read magazines such as "Vientiane". As the name suggests, the book "Vientiane" is all-encompassing, and basically everything you can get from reading can be provided here.From Oscar Wilde's homosexuality to Tony Leung's attraction, from Xu Zhimo's marriage to Jane Austen's mysteries, from Dong Qiao's night talk in his study to Lin Xingzhi's London shoes...you can learn enough about books, From the author's "study reading scene", you can enjoy the fun of reading, and you can also get some not-so-popular views and insights on popular things, and master the first-hand information about reading.Although it is only a general look, it is better than nothing.
2. Reading should be a part of life
Books are the nourishment of human beings.What kind of "literal food" you choose determines what kind of spiritual quality you may have.Reading is not only a process of "knowledge breastfeeding", but also a kind of exercise for thinking, intellectual gymnastics, nerve massage, and even spiritual comfort.The significance of reading is that it establishes a world of spiritual life on a level beyond secular life.A person's reading history is the history of his spiritual development.Everyone is a master of reading.Reading is just to live, to live happily, to live with soul, to live with high quality, to become a real living person.Reading makes words have eternal value. It is more ethereal than images, clearer than memories, and deeper than meditation.It puts you on the shoulders of giants and puts you above the thinking of great men.Reading is an important way of human socialization, it transforms natural person into social person.Many of the world, life, and society we know come from reading.Reading is synchronized with life, but it can go retrograde with time, reveal the blurred past, and reach the distant future.It can open countless dimensional spaces, allow thoughts to be vertical and horizontal, and lead to great hearts.Reading is the birthplace of happiness, meticulous logic, profound thought, lofty realm, great soul, all surround readers.You can see all over the world, contemplate through the ages, talk to wise men, and talk to great men.To be a scholar is to be a happy person.
3. Rational thinking ability
A rational understanding of nature forms human natural science; a rational understanding of society forms human social science.Natural science and social science can demonstrate and explain various phenomena of nature and society for human beings in a rational way at their own historical development level, demonstrate and explain a series of practical problems that people care about, and use the certainty of natural phenomena Forms of expression and determinate results of human social practice that justify or test the rationality of these arguments and explanations.People with high humanistic accomplishments, and those who are confident in their situation under the new situation, and those who are in a strong development trend, generally choose this path; People who lack rational thinking and cognition in the new situation, or people who are in a reverse situation in the new situation and people who encounter difficulties suddenly, or people who lack social care and social understanding, they lack the ability to position themselves in the new situation They lack the ability to control the new situation, lack the ability to understand the changes in nature and society in a rational way, or do not believe in the rationality of this understanding, and they have shaken human rationality in their outlook on life, world outlook and values. Confused, in order to cope with, ensure, and assert the legitimacy of one's own living situation in the new situation and the original self-awareness, one often chooses to seek imaginary illusory comfort for oneself by means of superstitious belief in ghosts and witchcraft, or even falsely Seriously, thinking that the illusion of imagination can solve practical problems and get rid of real difficulties.This is obviously impossible.
4. Reading plan
Liu Xiang, a writer in the Han Dynasty in my country, said: "Books are like medicine, and good reading can cure stupidity." The best way to have a scholarly temperament of wisdom and intellectuality is to develop the habit of reading good books, so that you can live in such a noisy environment. In the world, have a peaceful heart.Former U.S. President Franklin Delano Roosevelt's wife once said: "We must instill in our youth a habit of reading good books. This habit is a treasure worth holding in both hands and looking at it." , don’t throw it away.” If you read 15 minutes a day, that means you’ll read half a book a week, two books a month, about 1 books a year, and 1 or more books in your lifetime .This is a simple and easy way to read a lot of books.Find yourself 1 minutes a day, preferably a set time each day, so that all other free time is a bonus.The only thing we need is the determination to read. With determination, no matter how busy you are, you will be able to find these 20 minutes.Every second of these 1000 minutes should not be wasted. Prepare the books to be read in advance, put the books in your pockets when you get dressed, put a book on the bed, put a book in the bathroom, and put a book next to the dining table. Also put one on the shelf, on the desk, and never let the book be absent.When you feel troubled or sad, or feel alone, or feel wronged, depressed, or resentful, please take out the books related to your state of mind and read them.When you first draw up your own reading plan, avoid "partial eclipse". You can't just read books from modern people and not ancient books; you can't only read books in your mother tongue and not books in foreign languages; Read other books that don't interest you much.To make one's thinking have a world vision and historical awareness, one must enrich and balance one's knowledge structure and make it impartial. Scholars and scholars in the Republic of China have set us an example, such as Yan Fu and Gu Hongming. , Liang Qichao, Lu Xun, Chen Yinke, etc., all of them are well versed in the past and the present, and have learned both Chinese and Western.Only in this way can we obtain cultural wealth with eternal value and let ourselves have a rational temperament exuding the fragrance of wisdom.
5. How to read
Someone once summed up that there are probably three levels and three realms of reading.The first level, or the first level of reading, is to read every book, any book.This is often the case in student days, which is also conducive to broadening horizons and learning from the past and the present.For example, the four major classics, contemporary literary magazines, or the works of Western masters, such as Shakespeare, Goethe, Faulkner, Hemingway, Borges, etc., all humanities books in terms of categories-history, philosophy, anthropology, Psychology books can be read.The second level of reading is to read some works of writers you particularly like.At this stage, you will find that you are more and more fond of a small group of authors, or even a small number of works by some authors, at which point you can narrow it down.You get the idea of which writers you are interested in and excited about, maybe there are only a dozen of them, but you should read their complete works and anthologies, and even their biographies, research materials, and other books about their time. Background information.In this way, you will have a thorough understanding of these writers, you will understand how they think, write and live in their era, and you will also understand, from people to texts, why you like these writers and works, why do you like them? Narrow down to this small group of people.Then there is the third level of reading, which is the highest level.That is, read only one or a few of your favorite books, or re-read the books of one or two authors you like, and then study his works carefully.This realm is difficult to achieve.After reading the first level of reading, some people don't go deep enough; many people have also reached the second level. After reading a small range of works by writers who are really interested, they may become like those writers. People who are like outstanding writers; and the third realm, few people reach it.Because this state requires you to determine when to read a book, it becomes somewhat difficult, because it is difficult for you to determine which book is your favorite and where is it?Human culture is a pyramid, and human spiritual phenomena have heights. Once you have climbed to a certain height, then you don't need to pay attention to many things below it.For example, for many books, you only need to read the first few sentences of it and flip through it casually to know what kind of spiritual and innovative level the book is in. After that, the few remaining things.After reading in this way, the scholarly temperament will come unexpectedly.
6. Reading Notes
At first, Mr. Qian Zhongshu didn't think that notes should be taken while reading.When Qian Zhongshu was in Tsinghua University, "after the Song Dynasty, there was almost no collection of books". When he taught at Shanghai Guanghua University after graduation, he realized that reading by memory alone is not enough in the practice of preparing lessons and writing articles, so he began to read books. Take notes, and develop a good habit.Qian Zhongshu's reading notebook is very thick, four times the size of an ordinary exercise book. It is densely written in both Chinese and English, making it difficult for others to understand.Every time he reads a book, he takes notes, extracts the essence, points out the fallacies, and writes down his experience.He cherishes his reading notes very much. During the "Cultural Revolution", he was sent to Henan's "May 3th" Cadre School to work. He would not forget to put a few dictionaries, dictionaries and reading notes in the suitcase, as if he would ruminate whenever he had time. read.When he wrote a book, he mainly referred to his reading notes.Such as "Song Shi Jishi", "Song Shi Chao Bu", "Song Shi Chao Su Bu" and various Song people's notes, poetry talks, anthologies, local chronicles, etc., I made a lot of notes while reading, correcting the mistakes of the predecessors, So he compiled a popular reading material into an anthology of Song poetry with high academic value. "Guan Zhui Bian" is an academic masterpiece with a million words. The main source of information is the five big bags of reading notes written by Qian Zhong. These materials are the accumulation of his years of hard work in reading. Notes form. As soon as this book was published in 1979, it caused a sensation in the academic world. It was republished later and became a must-have book on scholars' bookshelves.As the saying goes, "a bad pen is worse than a good brain", this statement is not bad.Scholars who are familiar with Qian Zhongshu believe that his memory is really amazing, and he can still remember things he read decades ago. Among modern Chinese scholars, there may be no second person who can compare with him except Chen Yinke, a master of history. , Foreign scholars say that his memory is a "camera-like" memory.Even so, Qian Zhongshu still needs to take reading notes, which are an important step for Qian Zhongshu to climb to the top of academic research.
Even if Mr. Qian is like this, for people with average memory, it is even more necessary to read books and take notes.
A line of book fragrance infiltrates the world of aura
Where does "scholarly fragrance" come from?Many people don't quite know.In ancient times, in order to prevent silverfish from biting books, a kind of rue grass was placed in books.Rue grass, also known as Rutaceae, is produced in the west of my country. This grass has a special fragrance. Books with this grass are fragrant after opening, so it is called "Scholarly Fragrance".A person with a scholarly temperament seems to exude a faint fragrance from his body.When it comes to scholarly temperament, of course books are inseparable.People's temperament is elegant and vulgar, clear and turbid is often closely related to how much they read.Shakespeare said: "Books are the nourishment of the whole world." Helen Keller said: "A book is like a ship, leading us from a narrow place to the infinite ocean of life." Gorky said: "I I love books, and every book opens a window to a new world for me.” Books are very important to life, for example, reading can increase knowledge, cultivate sentiment, and improve taste.More importantly, there is another gorgeous, peaceful and broad world behind the book.There, flowers are in full bloom, clouds are blooming, and people seem to be reborn.Poetry and calligraphy are self-sufficient, and those who are pretentious and arty tend to be impetuous because their form is greater than their content.The sensibility and intuition of scholars create rational and profound thoughts, and this kind of experience is a fascinating spiritual pursuit.Therefore, the scholarly temperament is often based on a quiet and rational temperament.In fact, it’s not just books. Many phenomena in the natural world will be full of the beauty of speculation, unity and harmony once they are enlightened and thought deeply by the human mind, exuding a strong atmosphere of humanity and philosophy. edifying.One flower, one world, the charm of scholarly temperament, often can only be understood but cannot be expressed in words.
1. Intellectual temperament
Intellectual temperament is permeated with the brilliance of rational wisdom, not intuitive sensibility, but intellectual vigilance.It's not a teaser by image, but a hint of reason.Intellectuality does not mean that there is no strong emotion, but that compared with calm observation with a strong color of rationality, emotions are no longer ostentatious, but appear restrained, and emotions are not so unrestrained, but restrained.This rational temperament can be seen everywhere in Qian Zhongshu's works.
Qian Zhongshu abandons that kind of mild ridicule, replaces it with the exploration of human weakness and plight, and makes an extremely profound psychological examination and moral criticism of cultural personality, thus presenting the melancholy and lingering style that is often associated with traditional sense of urgency Very different temperaments: awakened and alert.Mr. Qian Zhongshu is known as "Cultural Kunlun".Among his works, we are more familiar with the novel "Fortress Besieged" and the collection of short stories "Man, Beast, Ghost".Most of his essays are included in the book "Write on the Edge of Life".His academic works such as "Talking about Art", "Guan Zhui Bian", "Selected Notes on Song Poems", etc., cited tens of thousands of references, and covered literature, history, philosophy, psychology and other disciplines.Mr. Qian Zhongshu was born in a scholarly family, and he received the influence of classics and history collections since he was a child. In his youth, he became an outstanding poet of old-style poetry.At the same time, he attaches great importance to the works of Western thinkers. Although he does not necessarily agree with the ideological systems of these thinkers, he attaches great importance to some of their specific conclusions.Therefore, his works have a strong modern color.His literary reflections on culture, life, and human nature are so sincere that literature is no longer a sentimental, sad, and sorrowful expression, but a modern sense of urgency based on anthropology and philosophy.In this regard, Qian Zhongshu is strikingly similar to Lu Xun.In terms of cultural and philosophical reflections on the existence of life, both Lu Xun and Qian Zhongshu used strong negativity to see through the weakness of human nature in the form of evil. Race, while Qian Zhongshu focuses on its humanity.If Lu Xun is a strong fighter, shouting from the depths of his life to wake up the world, then Qian Zhongshu is a wise scholar, blazing around the edge of life and laughing alone to wake up the world.This is the sneer of a truly awakened person, cold and sharp, fiery and deep.Qian Zhongshu made it clear that his ultimate interest is not in the small category of the intellectual class to which he belongs, nor in the Chinese race, but in the entire bipedal, hairless, round-headed, square-toed human being.Qian Zhongshu persistently pursues a spiritual realm that is connected with each other.Compared with most contemporary Chinese avant-garde writers, Qian Zhongshu has been deeply baptized by Western rationalism, and his temperament, like his works, reveals an extremely strong rational spirit, reaching the realm of "no trace and taste".
It is not only the academia that has a scholarly temperament. In people's impressions, Zhang Aijia, who sings, acts and directs, also has a typical intellectual woman's temperament.She is gentle and elegant, talented but still has personality. She can be called the spokesperson of both virtue and art.The American "Time" magazine once promoted her in three pages.Born in Taiwan, Sylvia Chang set foot in the film and television industry at the age of 16, and has starred in nearly a hundred films for more than 30 years. After the 20s, Zhang Aijia reduced her front-stage performances and devoted herself to behind-the-scenes work. The films she directed were recognized by insiders. Among them, "Girl Xiaoyu" and "Won't Go Home Today" won multiple film awards.
Watching Zhang Aijia's plays always feels extremely enjoyable. This intellectual woman has been polished by time to be extremely mellow and capable.The life outside the play extends to the play, and what flows is full of flamboyance and self-confidence. Every move, every throw, and every look are all wonderful things unique to women.
2. Subtle temperament
The implicit temperament includes a kind of allegorical, symbolic and philosophical, which makes people feel infinite charm, and has a thought-provoking beauty and power.Mr. Zhu Guangqian keeps a low profile, keeps himself clean and doesn't like publicity.His meticulousness reflects his rigor in academic research and his low-key personality.He emphasized hard work and hard work. He said that some people are very talented but have ordinary achievements. They are like businessmen who have a lot of capital but have not made big business. A businessman who does big business with capital.The difference between this lies in the effort and the non-effort.
The style of the essayist Zhu Ziqing's works is simple, natural, and free and easy. They seem bland but are plump, soft on the surface but tough in reality.This kind of temperament is completely different from Lu Xun's saber-rattling and Guo Moruo's boldness.Sun Fuyuan said of Zhu Ziqing: "He never used violent and provocative words, and never had an impulsive tone, although we were both around [-] years old at that time." The ox hair makes our skin itchy and crispy, silently leaving a lasting imprint on our hearts.
"As soon as the Awakening of Insects is over, the coldness of spring intensifies. First, it is steep, and then the rainy season begins. Sometimes it is dripping, sometimes it is drizzling, and the sky is damp and wet. Even in a dream, it seems to be holding an umbrella. And just by a Holding an umbrella, you can avoid a burst of cold rain, but you can't hide from the entire rainy season. Even your thoughts are moist" - "Listen to the Cold Rain", this passage in Yu Guangzhong can be described as a lot of words, every step of the way.When using the fewest words to convey the maximum aesthetic content to the readers, this kind of beauty should be multi-layered and multi-faceted, not limited to the beauty of emotion and expressive beauty, but also the harmony of language density, elasticity and rhythm. become.The aesthetic pleasure of this beautiful article is multi-faceted and deep-seated, like a subtle temperament, which completely soaks the emotions in the eyebrows and eyes. .The reason why the implicit scholarly temperament is moving is not the sudden enlightenment, but the gradual enlightenment of practice.The subtle temperament is full of full talent, just like a thin needle in the hands of an acupuncturist, when you inadvertently, the needle tip penetrates your sensitive skin and enters your muscles, and the feeling slowly spreads to you nerves and spirit.
3. Sharp temperament
Speaking of Lingrui's temperament, I think of "Emerson's Selected Works" translated by Zhang Ailing. She said in the translator's preface: "He (Emerson) does not want to have believers, because his purpose is not to lead people to him. It is to lead people to themselves and discover themselves. Everyone is great, and everyone should have their own thoughts." Independent thinking, skeptical spirit, delicate feelings, keen talents, summed up Lingrui The connotation of temperament.Zhang Ailing is the most typical representative.It is not an exaggeration to call her an "anomaly" in the history of Chinese literature.The words under her pen are sharp and full of life.Eileen Chang is worldly, but so exquisitely worldly that almost no one can compare with her.
Eileen Chang's most famous collection is "Legend", which is the most appropriate word to describe Eileen Chang's life.Zhang Ailing has a prominent family background, an unhappy childhood, and her marriage is also a big misfortune.After becoming famous in the literary world, she went away. She lived in seclusion in the United States, lived a life isolated from the world, and finally passed away alone.So much so that some people say: "Only Zhang Ailing can bear the dazzling noise and extreme loneliness at the same time." As far as writing skills are concerned, she can be said to be proficient in this field.The precision of the language, the accuracy and delicacy of the feeling, the seamless structure, and the melancholy and mournful artistic conception make it difficult for the successors to follow in his footsteps.The combination of exquisite and clever narration and the sadness of life has created an unforgettable artistic effect.
Eileen Chang is an independent minded person.She neither believes in the dogmas of Chinese civilization nor in the dogmas of Western civilization.She's a skeptic, but she's not a nihilist.She jumped out of all the circles with ease and looked at the problem from a very high altitude.She enjoys the prosperity of the world to her heart's content and enjoys her life. She always stands aside and "smiles sinisterly and maliciously" to the people and things around her.When reading Zhang Ailing's works, if you only see her complaints, it will ruin her.Only those who laugh with her understand her.She really dared to "face the bleak life and face the dripping blood".There is always a weary, cynical smile on Eileen Chang's face, revealing her keen suspicion.
4. Free and easy temperament
A free and easy temperament is the temperament of a walker without boundaries. Yu Qiuyu said that a walker without boundaries means that a walker walks alone in the remote wilderness and encounters various difficulties. Only because of the persistent trust in his heart, he dares to put any piece of land in the world under his feet and walk out of the boundless territory.Yu Qiuyu's prose collections "A Sigh in a Thousand Years", "Notes on a Mountain Dwelling", "A Traveler Without Borders", "Frost and Cold River", and "Cultural Bitter Journey" are very well-known and very popular.Among them, "Cultural Journey" has successively won the Outstanding Achievement Award of Shanghai Literature and Art, the Best Book Award of "Scholar" by Taiwan's "United Daily News", the Most Influential Book Award of Jinshitang, and the first prize of Shanghai Publishing Award.His "Draft Theory History Draft" published in 1983 is the first historical work in mainland China to fully explain the cultural development and drama thoughts of various countries in the world from ancient times to modern times. The following year after publication, he won the first National Drama Theory Work Award , Ten years later, he won the first prize of the Ministry of Culture's National Excellent Textbook Award, and his academic achievements can be seen first and second.
The Art of Elegant Aura
In addition to reading, there are many other arts that make the aura more elegant.
1. Piano, Chess, Calligraphy and Painting
Piano, chess, calligraphy and painting, the four rhymes of life, contain the charming oriental charm, like a faint fragrance, which makes people fully appreciate the charm and elegance of traditional Chinese culture, and is also an indispensable treasure for cultivating a scholarly temperament.
(1) Qin.The magic of music.Qin, chess, calligraphy and painting, Qin ranks first.Violent heart and sword courage, tenderness and chivalry, this is the most beautiful realm!This realm should refer to the charm of music!If you like to enjoy high-pitched music, listen to more folk music and feel it: "The sky is like a hut, covering the four fields, the sky is blue, the wild is vast, and the wind blows and the grass looks low." That kind of artistic conception is like Tengger singing The song "Heaven" is vigorous, bold and heroic.If you like music about the sea, then you should enjoy the kind of music that is full of refreshing waves and seabirds, such as Debussy's "The Sea".If you like that kind of spectacular music, enjoy more classical symphonies, such as "Ninth Symphony", "First Piano Concerto", "Italian Caprice", "Sleeping Beauty".If you like that kind of crisp music, go for piano pieces like "Moonlight Sonata", "The Swan", "The Marriage of Figaro".If you like upbeat music, go for something simple and stylish.Sometimes you can also play by yourself, buy a musical instrument you like, violin, zither, pipa, erhu, guitar, flute, even a harmonica, and radiate your mood into the music.
(2) Chess. "The sky, the earth, the sun and the moon are small, but the universe in chess is big." When it comes to chess, people always feel that it is so ancient, especially the sound of falling chess, which is as clear as pearls falling on a jade plate, and as thick as iron. Throwing the hammer to the ground is unavoidably mysterious.
There is a well-written story about a group of chess idiots who play chess on a boat under the bright moon.One evening, as usual, many people readily went.As a result, due to the large number of people, there was no place to stand on the boat, so the extra people had to turn back regretfully.But the people on the boat were fighting, and when it was dawn, they suddenly heard someone crying in the water: "What a pity, what a pity! I lost a good game of chess!" There is nothing strange about losing a game of chess. Guess what, other people played chess all night on the boat, but this person stood in the water and watched chess all night, what a surprise!Eyes fixed on the chessboard, a scene of ecstasy is incredible.
Human intelligence can be raised to a certain height by playing chess.Didn't someone say "chess is like a man"?Those with a stable personality play chess without hurry and step by step; while those with an impetuous personality, without thinking about it, drive the opponent to death without thinking, but in the end they are easily defeated.If you are humble, you will give in every step, and if you are competitive, your chess style will only be good at attacking and not good at defending, just like your own chess style. "Go, take one step, don't look back, it's a long road, playing chess in the depths of people's feelings, fascinated countless chess lovers... The wind is rustling, the crows are old and the tree is ringing the morning bell and the evening drum, drinking the dew under the moon, playing chess as a gift, in a dim place, Fangshi, enlightenment." (Excerpted from Master Ziyou's "Rose Woman") The last word "enlightenment" means that chess can cultivate one's morality and self-cultivation.Those who know the rules of chess will naturally understand the truth as long as they understand these tactics; when playing chess, you must calm down.With no distracting thoughts in mind, and slowly experiencing, the heart will naturally be enriched, adding infinite charm.
(3) BOOKS.Calligraphy is also an art. The ancients regarded calligraphy as an art of cultivating sentiment and self-cultivation.Whether it is calligraphy and painting, or the four treasures of the study (pen, ink, paper, inkstone), they all pay attention to their artistic delicacy, and they also show a kind of taste and cultivation.Chinese calligraphy has a history of thousands of years. Before the Western Han Dynasty, people used branches and knives to carve characters on tortoise bones and bamboo slips one by one. , full of strangeness, the characters also appear to be generous.
Seal script is divided into small seal script and large seal script.Li Yangbing is the most famous seal script of the Tang Dynasty. His representative work "The Story of the Three Graves" has gentle strokes, but still has the meaning, simple and thin, sharp edges, and a square and well-proportioned structure.Lishu originated in the Qin Dynasty, also known as Zuoshu and Shishu.In the early official script, the shape and structure of the characters retained more traces of seal script.Later, it broke the "Six Books" tradition and laid the foundation for regular script, marking a turning point in the history of the evolution of Chinese characters.Regular script, also known as Zhengshu or Zhenshu, has a square shape and straight strokes.Regular script prevailed in the Tang Dynasty, when Yan Zhenqing and Liu Gongquan were famous.Running script is a style between regular script and cursive script. It is neither as rigorous as regular script nor as wild and bold as cursive script.
The "Orchid Pavilion Preface" written by Wang Xizhi of the Jin Dynasty and the "Luo Shen Fu" written by Wang Xianzhi are running scripts, and they are also two peaks in the history of Chinese calligraphy.The character "草" in cursive script has the meaning of scribble and draft. This type of font is divided into "Zhangcao" and "Jincao".The style of cursive script is unrestrained, and the brushwork is unrestrained. "The upper and lower links or borrow the end of the upper character, and the beginning of the lower character" can best reflect the artistic characteristics of cursive script. .
Calligraphy works not only focus on the stippling of characters, but also the structure of calligraphy works.Some people like to use banners, from right to left, splashing ink, some are restrained, some are stretched, but it is reasonable.And some people like banners, which flow straight down from top to bottom, seemingly weak and supportive, but in fact they are flexible and powerful.Appreciating calligraphy works is not only to observe the composition, but also to express the style and temperament.Some calligraphy works show a well-regulated, gentle and honest meaning. Presumably, when a calligrapher writes, he is calm and peaceful, and his heart is like still water.And some calligraphy works are as imposing as the turbulence of the sea and the rush of the Yellow River. Calligraphers should be full of pride when writing such works.
(4) DRAWING.
Once, Tang Bohu drew a picture of "Beauty Playing Fish" for his wife.I saw the beautiful woman in the painting, half leaning on the rockery, throwing flowers into the pond, and teasing the fish in the pond to play.She has towering temples and drooping pink face. She is really graceful and graceful in the painting, especially the unique charming and pretty demeanor of a young woman, which is vividly depicted on the paper.Later, it is said that during the reign of Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty, a young scholar bought this painting from the descendants of a family of fallen gentry.After seeing the painting, he was intoxicated every day, the more he looked at it, the more he fell in love with it, and the more he fell in love, the more fascinated he was.I thought to myself: This beauty is so moving from the back, but how beautiful is the front!From then on, he didn't think about tea or food, and kept saying: "Beauty, why don't you turn around?" People say that Tang Bohu's paintings are alive, and a picture of his back has made future generations suffer from lovesickness. Mile.
Appreciation of traditional Chinese paintings should be appreciated from the aspects of composition, lines, demeanor, momentum, and ink use. For example, Fan Kuan of the Northern Song Dynasty's "Axis of Traveling in Streams and Mountains", this painting adopts a lofty and far-reaching method, with a large picture and a wide scene. The ink color is dignified and vigorous, and it is an immortal masterpiece with far-reaching influence.There are many masterpieces of Chinese painting, and there are many genres. We can first understand the representative treasures, for example, the Tang Dynasty: Yan Liben's "Picture of Emperors of Past Dynasties", Wu Daozi's "Picture of Sending the Son of Heaven", Zhang Xuan's "Picture of Pounding and Training", Li Sixun "Jiangfanlou Pavilion"; Song Dynasty: Zhang Zeduan's "Along the River During the Qingming Festival"; Yuan Dynasty: Wu Zhen's "Autumn River Fishing", Wang Meng's "Gezhichuan Migration"; Tang Yin's "Meng Shu Palace Prostitute Picture", Lu Ji's "Thinking Picture"; Qing Dynasty: Hu Mei's "Parrot Playing Butterfly Picture", Jiao Bingzhen's "Ladies Picture", Mei Qing's "Mountain and Flowing Water Picture"; modern times: Zhang Daqian's "Beauty Picture", Xu Beihong's " Galloping Horse", Qi Baishi's "Shrimp", Jiang Zhaohe's "Refugees".People who know how to appreciate paintings do not necessarily have outstanding appearance, but they all have absolute charm. This charm comes from the flowing demeanor and the simple and elegant aesthetic feeling.
Integrating the art of painting into his clothes and conversation, luxurious yet elegant, this kind of temperament is so charming, his smile makes people daydream, and expresses the beauty of the soul to the fullest.
In fact, the Chinese paintings we see often have paintings in the characters and characters in the paintings. That is to say, calligraphy is often inseparable from Chinese paintings.
2. Pen, ink, paper and inkstone
Pen, ink, paper and inkstone, the four treasures of the study, are already far away from us.Tu Long in the Ming Dynasty recorded more than 40 kinds of stationery supplies in "Stationery Yabian", usually more common ones are: pen holder, arm rest, poem container, pen stand, pen holder, brush washer, ink bed, ink box, paperweight, water Note, inkstone drop, inkstone box, seal, printing box.It can be seen that once the ancients wanted to write, how complicated and delicate procedures were needed, and how solemn it was.As soon as you pick up a pen and devote yourself wholeheartedly, your emotions, talents, thoughts, wisdom, and spirit are all integrated into it and become one.
(1) pen.Among all kinds of pen products, brushes can be regarded as a unique category in China.The traditional writing brush is not only a must-have stationery tool for the ancients, but also has a unique charm in expressing the special charm of Chinese calligraphy and painting.There are many kinds of ancient pens. From the raw materials of pens, there were rabbit hair, white wool, green wool, yellow wool, sheep whiskers, horse hair, deer hair, musk hair, badger hair, raccoon hair, mink hair. , rat whiskers, rat tails, tiger hairs, wolf tails, fox hairs, otter hairs, orangutan hairs, goose feathers, duck feathers, chicken feathers, pheasant hairs, pig hairs, fetal hair, human whiskers, thatch, etc.In terms of performance, there are hard cents, soft cents, and combined cents.In terms of the texture of the pen tube, there are water bamboo, moso bamboo, mottled bamboo, palm bamboo, rosewood, chicken wing wood, sandalwood, nanmu, rosewood, fragrant wood, carved lacquer, green lacquer, mother-of-pearl, ivory, rhino horn, Ox horn, unicorn horn, tortoise shell, jade, crystal, glass, gold, silver, porcelain, etc., are many precious materials.
It took a lot of thinking for the ancients to write, and they were very particular about which pen to match with which paper. For example, the Jianhao pen can be matched with any paper. "The ink needs to be thick, but the brush needs to be strong. Use thick ink with a strong brush, so that the writing is powerful and full of charm." Light ink and soft brush are not particularly suitable for calligraphers, but they are unique and full of charming charm. Wenzhi is good at light ink and soft brushstrokes, which is called "light ink exploration of flowers" in the world, which is also very suitable.Calligraphers of the Qing Dynasty such as Zhang Zhao, Liang Tongshu, and Wang Wenzhi were all good at writing on paper or silk with a Yanghao brush.
(2) Ink.The world of Mo is not only not boring, but also rich in content.Prehistoric painted pottery decorations, oracle bone inscriptions from Shang and Zhou dynasties, bamboo and wood slips, silk calligraphy and painting, etc., left traces of primitive ink everywhere.By the Han Dynasty, artificial ink products finally began to appear.The raw material of this kind of ink is taken from pine smoke. It was first kneaded by hand and then molded. The ink is solid.There are two types of inks: "oil smoke" and "pine smoke". The oil smoke ink is made of tung oil or added burning smoke, and the pine smoke ink is made of pine branch burning smoke.Oil smoke ink is characterized by black and bright color and luster; pine ink is characterized by black color and lack of luster.
The appearance of ink is various, and it can be divided into natural color ink, lacquer ink, gold wash ink and lacquer edge ink.The use of ink in Chinese painting is very particular, and the fantasy and wonderful artistic conception of Chinese painting and calligraphy can only be realized by the application of ink.
(3) PAPER.Paper, one of the four great inventions in ancient China, once made outstanding contributions to the spread of culture in history.Even today when machine-made paper is prevalent, some traditional handmade paper still embodies its irreplaceable role and radiates its unique brilliance.Ancient paper can still be glimpsed in the ancient paintings and calligraphy handed down.From the chronology of the early ancient papers unearthed so far, they can be arranged as follows: Fangmatan paper in the early Western Han Dynasty, Baqiao paper, Xuanquan paper, Maquanwan paper, and Juyan paper in the middle Western Han Dynasty, and Hantan paper in the late Western Han Dynasty. slope paper.These papers are not only earlier than Cai Lun papers, but also have ink marks on some papers, indicating that they have been used for document writing.
(4) Inkstone.The so-called "four treasures inkstone is the first", this is because it is solid in texture and can be passed on for hundreds of generations.Therefore, among the "Four Treasures" in today's society, inkstone is the most common and the most popular.The early inkstones were attached with grinding pestles or grinding stones. Since when did its shape change, that is, the grinding pestles or grinding stones were eliminated, and it was close to the current inkstone?As far as we know, it is the Han Dynasty.Due to the invention of artificial ink in the Han Dynasty, the ink can be ground directly on the inkstone, so there is no need to use a grinding pestle or a grinding stone to grind natural or semi-natural ink.Pen, ink, paper and inkstone are inseparable. A good inkstone, if it is upright and bright, is easy to ink and emit ink.The so-called "ink is in the inkstone, rotates with the brush" and "if the ink is stronger than the firmness, the love for the stone is also greater", the close relationship can be imagined!
Cultivate aesthetic power and listen to the beating pulse of the aura
To have an artistic aura, the most important thing is to cultivate one's own aesthetic ability.Only when we know how to appreciate beauty can we shape our own beauty.Works of art use beautiful art forms to produce beautiful visual effects and give people a sense of beauty.Whether it is painting, sculpture, architecture or handicraft works, while feeling them, one can feel poetic lyricism, music-like rhythm and rhythm, and even feel the pulse of the progress of human thought... It is characterized by its rich variety , many styles and great achievements have provided a large number of artistic resources for the treasure house of human culture, and have influenced human emotions, thoughts and concepts.In the terms of our Chinese Confucian art function theory, it can be described as "enhancing human relations, beautifying education, and changing customs".Art is a visual art, which reflects life and expresses thoughts and emotions through intuitive and visible art forms.The author uses highly refined, generalized and typical moments to express the content, which gives people a strong artistic appeal and allows us to feel and be influenced by beauty.
Rodin once said: "Art is a lesson of learning sincerity." Works of art not only impress people with their beauty, but also condense the thoughts, emotions and wisdom of the artists, telling their truest and most beautiful feelings.Therefore, it can immediately arouse our perceptual knowledge, let us be moved and moved by it... This is the unique charm of art.Because it makes people feel sincere and at the same time learn to be sincere.
(1) Cultivate the ability of art appreciation.Compared with aesthetic ability, art appreciation ability is more professional and profound.If you want to cultivate your own artistic temperament, then you can study a wide range of works of art, or you can choose what you like to study carefully.Taking architecture as an example, Goethe said that architecture is frozen music.Western architecture is full of scientific rationality and humanistic atmosphere, such as elegant and harmonious ancient Greek architecture, Italian Renaissance architecture, French classicism architecture, etc.The distinctive feature of Chinese architecture is "preservation", which has a long history and a very stable system just like ancient culture.
Appreciation of architectural works of art, you can start with the most representative ones: Acropolis, Parthenon, Colosseum, Notre Dame Cathedral, Falling Water, Langchamp Church, Sydney Opera House, Ying County, Shanxi Fogong Temple Sakyamuni Pagoda, Beijing Temple of Heaven and so on.By analogy, there are also sculptures, paintings, music, dances, dramas, operas, calligraphy, designs... You can make a list, and then use your spare time to understand and savor carefully.Over time, you will find that your spirit suddenly takes on a new look, and that is the beginning of an artistic temperament.
(2) Learn a variety of art forms.You can also shape your own artistic temperament by learning many art forms. Of course, it should be noted that you have to like them, not for arty.In China, ancient prose is an art that many literati like to try to figure out.If you think you lack artistic accomplishment, then you can definitely learn ancient prose. Learning ancient prose can make people full and elegant. In addition, it can increase affinity in personal temperament and social communication.However, mentality is very important when learning ancient Chinese, because there are bound to be many difficult words in the learning process, and it is difficult to successfully appreciate ancient Chinese without patience.The biggest gain of learning the art of ancient Chinese is that it makes people live more comfortably. Not only will you feel like a real Chinese, but you will also find that it can improve your popularity.To appreciate landscapes, one must not only appreciate the majesty, steepness, and peculiarity of mountains, the depth, beauty, vastness, and vastness of waters, but also taste the temperament, character, spirit, and soul of landscapes, so as to truly grasp the true meaning of landscapes.The aesthetic relationship between people and mountains and rivers has accumulated a very rich cultural connotation from its occurrence, development and constant changes. On the one hand, it has formed a landscape culture with mountains and rivers as its carrier, and on the other hand, it has formed a literary art with the expression of mountains and rivers as its content.To study landscape culture is to take landscape as an object, reveal its cultural connotation, and study the relationship between people and landscape.Dance is the affirmation of life.Nietzsche's Zarathustra said: "O life, I have recently looked into your eyes, and in your night eyes I have seen the sparkle of gold, and my heart stopped beating for joy! "This is the song of the dancer and also the song of life. While dancing creates a beautiful figure, it also creates an extraordinary artistic temperament.Pottery is not only an art, but also a leisure activity that concentrates attention and helps soothe the body and mind.Doing pottery requires a lot of mental effort and spiritual and emotional investment. You can temporarily put aside other things and concentrate on experiencing the fun of making pottery.Moreover, in the process of making pottery, you will find that a work of art is created with such hardships, and you will learn to cherish it from the process of making pottery.Kendo is also an art. It allows people to learn to be patient and bear while constantly being hit, and it teaches people to face life calmly.If you are a grumpy person, or if you are not going well in your career recently, I suggest you learn kendo.Paper art can fully cultivate and express the creativity of learners. If you are a person who lacks romance, expressiveness and creativity, it is very useful to cultivate a little artistic temperament by making paper art.Tea ceremony is a life etiquette art with tea as a medium, and it is also considered as a way of self-cultivation.If you are a workaholic, you might as well learn the tea ceremony to rest your mind and calm your impetuous heart.Photography is an art that is relatively easy to learn. It can satisfy people's visual aesthetics, and if you are skilled, you can use it to gain economic benefits.If you are facing employment difficulties, you can learn photography, and then start your own business to open a photo studio, which can not only solve the problem of food and clothing, but also often deal with art, killing two birds with one stone.
Be a person with taste, style and taste
The ancients once said, "Wealth and honor do not return to their hometowns, like brocade clothes walking at night." When you succeed, you must have someone to appreciate your success and envy your success, so that success can be tasteful.And what is the measure of success?You have money and status, and so does he. You don't have to flaunt it and you can't flaunt it.Everyone who counts as a person has bought luxury houses and famous cars, even private jets and yachts are not uncommon.To show your detached status of having money, leisure, success and fame, you have to play something that others can't play, and express your own style and taste.For example, Zhang Baoquan, chairman of Jindian Group, is able to take out several calligraphy works for exhibitions and often holds "conceptual real estate exhibitions" that belong to installation art, which makes him stand out in the "uncultured" real estate industry; Huang Nu, the owner of Zhongkun Real Estate Company Bo, because he has published one collection of poems after another and held one poetry seminar after another, he has become a "real estate poet" that has attracted much attention.
Wang Shi, the CEO of Vanke Group, is a semi-professional athlete among entrepreneurs.Since he climbed the first snow mountain in Tibet in 1997, he has been unstoppable, spending 1/3 of his time every year on activities such as mountaineering, rafting, skiing, paragliding, skydiving, and hot air ballooning.This made him a star entrepreneur and earned him the title of "National Mountaineering Master".He jokingly said that he would "die either on the top of the mountain or at the foot of the mountain". In May 2003, 5-year-old Wang Shi successfully climbed Mount Everest, becoming the oldest person in China to climb Mount Everest. In December 52, he successfully reached the South Pole and completed the goal of "2005+12" (the highest peak of the seven continents, plus the South Pole and the North Pole). The oldest one among the people is also the first among the Chinese.
In response to the question of whether mountaineering hinders the right business, Wang Shi's famous saying is: "Don't ask me as a foreman, don't ask a chairman like this." Arrange time to do what you want without worrying about financial constraints and opposition from others.Another implication is that Vanke Group's corporate management has been on the right track, and the company's bosses no longer need to fall into anxiety about specific affairs.
We can see that the pursuit of taste is not arty, but more often, it is to show one's superior status and super strength to the outside world.
People have a kind of mentality, whoever is more powerful is more attractive, and everyone is proud of associating with and cooperating with him; If you get too close, you will implicate yourself and be inferior to others.Taking this as a starting point, no matter what we do, we must first set up a facade, and never let the outside world look down upon us.Things in the world are like this, what kind of image you want to establish in this world, what kind of status you want to strive for, you must show a good performance.People may sympathize with the weak and pity the weak, but they are never willing to stand on the same level with him.
There is such a kind of person in life, their background may not be so good, their position may not be so high, but they always insist on an elegant and tasteful life, behave elegantly, and treat others politely.In the long run, in the eyes of the people around him, he is a well-cultivated and stylish person, and everyone's attitude towards him will naturally not be casual and perfunctory.Acquired nobles are cultivated in this way.
You must know that the treatment a person receives is closely related to his own performance. If many people around us praise us, then we will also become more confident.But if you don't treat yourself well, then no matter when and where, it is impossible to be treated politely by others.In fact, external performance is also an asset. Many people have lost excellent jobs and opportunities to make a fortune just because of their humble appearance.
In life, when making friends, especially friends of the opposite sex, you should not show timidity in fashion taste.Always living a mediocre and busy life will give people a very boring feeling.Get in touch with more fashionable sports such as mountaineering, tennis, swimming, etc. on weekdays, and learn to play a musical instrument. At the very least, you must have a few good songs to perform at parties.As for listening to operas and watching art exhibitions, how many people can really appreciate the essence of them?You can not like it, but it is necessary to understand it, even if only as a kind of talk is good.
Many of us have a misunderstanding, thinking that only when we have enough money can we spare no effort to talk about taste, but this is not always the case.Only if your knowledge and bearing are like that, no one will underestimate you.We can temporarily have no money, but we cannot be without thoughts.For example, for the same trip, if he goes to Europe, you can go to Miao Village. Although the cost is very different, it only represents your different tastes; Back to basics; he eats seafood, you eat vegetables; he listens to opera, you listen to folk music; he plays golf among the blue sky and green grass, and you fish by the rippling pond.As long as you have your own style and ideas, it will also make people look different.
Can dressing change a person's aura?The answer is of course yes.The choice of what clothes to wear essentially reflects a person's role positioning for himself, just like walking in a spotless hall, you are ashamed to spit and throw garbage everywhere.When you wear unrestrained avant-garde clothes, you will give yourself a cynical psychological hint; when you wear traditional classic business clothes, you will feel that you are moving closer to the professional direction; when you wear lively and bright denim clothes , you will feel full of vigor and vitality; when you wear elegant and decent lady clothes, you will feel gentle and demure.These different psychological feelings directly affect your corresponding speech and behavior, and then form your unique aura.
(End of this chapter)
Poetry and book spirit in the abdomen——fresh energy in the aura field
Higashiyama Kaii wrote: "There is a road in my heart, this road is neither a bright sunny road, nor a road covered with bleak shadows, but a road that breathes calmly and serenely in the early morning twilight. The open, open and free way." In the silence, is your heart touched quietly?Looking back on your own life, is your life path permeated with a touch of book fragrance?
Samuel Smiles said: "Man is what he reads." The process of reading is the process of recreating life. What kind of book you read reflects what kind of person you are.So, think back carefully, what have you read?What kind of books to immerse yourself in?Do these reading materials meet your desire to be a human being?Is it your wish to grow hair by reading?And in the future, what kind of choice should we make when reading?You know, it's a choice of what kind of life to live!
1. Reading is a luxury
Many people read more and bought less in bookstores when they were in school.After work, I often buy more and see less.After buying a new book, only a small part can be read from beginning to end, and most of them are just flipping through to get a general idea.One is too busy to have time, the second is too busy to have energy, the third is too busy to be in the mood, and the fourth is too busy to study efficiently.Over time, reading has become a luxury."Life planning" is very popular in the workplace now. People have been planning their careers since they were students, and almost all their time and energy are spent on professional areas related to career planning. In this regard, they know how to Use time efficiently.Therefore, most young people at work spend most of their time reading, but they are by no means "idle books" such as novels, but are all books related to the work they do. In their words, they are "study books". books, professional books". "I'm too busy with work, so I don't have time to read idle books." They said.Some of them who love to read turned to read magazines such as "Vientiane". As the name suggests, the book "Vientiane" is all-encompassing, and basically everything you can get from reading can be provided here.From Oscar Wilde's homosexuality to Tony Leung's attraction, from Xu Zhimo's marriage to Jane Austen's mysteries, from Dong Qiao's night talk in his study to Lin Xingzhi's London shoes...you can learn enough about books, From the author's "study reading scene", you can enjoy the fun of reading, and you can also get some not-so-popular views and insights on popular things, and master the first-hand information about reading.Although it is only a general look, it is better than nothing.
2. Reading should be a part of life
Books are the nourishment of human beings.What kind of "literal food" you choose determines what kind of spiritual quality you may have.Reading is not only a process of "knowledge breastfeeding", but also a kind of exercise for thinking, intellectual gymnastics, nerve massage, and even spiritual comfort.The significance of reading is that it establishes a world of spiritual life on a level beyond secular life.A person's reading history is the history of his spiritual development.Everyone is a master of reading.Reading is just to live, to live happily, to live with soul, to live with high quality, to become a real living person.Reading makes words have eternal value. It is more ethereal than images, clearer than memories, and deeper than meditation.It puts you on the shoulders of giants and puts you above the thinking of great men.Reading is an important way of human socialization, it transforms natural person into social person.Many of the world, life, and society we know come from reading.Reading is synchronized with life, but it can go retrograde with time, reveal the blurred past, and reach the distant future.It can open countless dimensional spaces, allow thoughts to be vertical and horizontal, and lead to great hearts.Reading is the birthplace of happiness, meticulous logic, profound thought, lofty realm, great soul, all surround readers.You can see all over the world, contemplate through the ages, talk to wise men, and talk to great men.To be a scholar is to be a happy person.
3. Rational thinking ability
A rational understanding of nature forms human natural science; a rational understanding of society forms human social science.Natural science and social science can demonstrate and explain various phenomena of nature and society for human beings in a rational way at their own historical development level, demonstrate and explain a series of practical problems that people care about, and use the certainty of natural phenomena Forms of expression and determinate results of human social practice that justify or test the rationality of these arguments and explanations.People with high humanistic accomplishments, and those who are confident in their situation under the new situation, and those who are in a strong development trend, generally choose this path; People who lack rational thinking and cognition in the new situation, or people who are in a reverse situation in the new situation and people who encounter difficulties suddenly, or people who lack social care and social understanding, they lack the ability to position themselves in the new situation They lack the ability to control the new situation, lack the ability to understand the changes in nature and society in a rational way, or do not believe in the rationality of this understanding, and they have shaken human rationality in their outlook on life, world outlook and values. Confused, in order to cope with, ensure, and assert the legitimacy of one's own living situation in the new situation and the original self-awareness, one often chooses to seek imaginary illusory comfort for oneself by means of superstitious belief in ghosts and witchcraft, or even falsely Seriously, thinking that the illusion of imagination can solve practical problems and get rid of real difficulties.This is obviously impossible.
4. Reading plan
Liu Xiang, a writer in the Han Dynasty in my country, said: "Books are like medicine, and good reading can cure stupidity." The best way to have a scholarly temperament of wisdom and intellectuality is to develop the habit of reading good books, so that you can live in such a noisy environment. In the world, have a peaceful heart.Former U.S. President Franklin Delano Roosevelt's wife once said: "We must instill in our youth a habit of reading good books. This habit is a treasure worth holding in both hands and looking at it." , don’t throw it away.” If you read 15 minutes a day, that means you’ll read half a book a week, two books a month, about 1 books a year, and 1 or more books in your lifetime .This is a simple and easy way to read a lot of books.Find yourself 1 minutes a day, preferably a set time each day, so that all other free time is a bonus.The only thing we need is the determination to read. With determination, no matter how busy you are, you will be able to find these 20 minutes.Every second of these 1000 minutes should not be wasted. Prepare the books to be read in advance, put the books in your pockets when you get dressed, put a book on the bed, put a book in the bathroom, and put a book next to the dining table. Also put one on the shelf, on the desk, and never let the book be absent.When you feel troubled or sad, or feel alone, or feel wronged, depressed, or resentful, please take out the books related to your state of mind and read them.When you first draw up your own reading plan, avoid "partial eclipse". You can't just read books from modern people and not ancient books; you can't only read books in your mother tongue and not books in foreign languages; Read other books that don't interest you much.To make one's thinking have a world vision and historical awareness, one must enrich and balance one's knowledge structure and make it impartial. Scholars and scholars in the Republic of China have set us an example, such as Yan Fu and Gu Hongming. , Liang Qichao, Lu Xun, Chen Yinke, etc., all of them are well versed in the past and the present, and have learned both Chinese and Western.Only in this way can we obtain cultural wealth with eternal value and let ourselves have a rational temperament exuding the fragrance of wisdom.
5. How to read
Someone once summed up that there are probably three levels and three realms of reading.The first level, or the first level of reading, is to read every book, any book.This is often the case in student days, which is also conducive to broadening horizons and learning from the past and the present.For example, the four major classics, contemporary literary magazines, or the works of Western masters, such as Shakespeare, Goethe, Faulkner, Hemingway, Borges, etc., all humanities books in terms of categories-history, philosophy, anthropology, Psychology books can be read.The second level of reading is to read some works of writers you particularly like.At this stage, you will find that you are more and more fond of a small group of authors, or even a small number of works by some authors, at which point you can narrow it down.You get the idea of which writers you are interested in and excited about, maybe there are only a dozen of them, but you should read their complete works and anthologies, and even their biographies, research materials, and other books about their time. Background information.In this way, you will have a thorough understanding of these writers, you will understand how they think, write and live in their era, and you will also understand, from people to texts, why you like these writers and works, why do you like them? Narrow down to this small group of people.Then there is the third level of reading, which is the highest level.That is, read only one or a few of your favorite books, or re-read the books of one or two authors you like, and then study his works carefully.This realm is difficult to achieve.After reading the first level of reading, some people don't go deep enough; many people have also reached the second level. After reading a small range of works by writers who are really interested, they may become like those writers. People who are like outstanding writers; and the third realm, few people reach it.Because this state requires you to determine when to read a book, it becomes somewhat difficult, because it is difficult for you to determine which book is your favorite and where is it?Human culture is a pyramid, and human spiritual phenomena have heights. Once you have climbed to a certain height, then you don't need to pay attention to many things below it.For example, for many books, you only need to read the first few sentences of it and flip through it casually to know what kind of spiritual and innovative level the book is in. After that, the few remaining things.After reading in this way, the scholarly temperament will come unexpectedly.
6. Reading Notes
At first, Mr. Qian Zhongshu didn't think that notes should be taken while reading.When Qian Zhongshu was in Tsinghua University, "after the Song Dynasty, there was almost no collection of books". When he taught at Shanghai Guanghua University after graduation, he realized that reading by memory alone is not enough in the practice of preparing lessons and writing articles, so he began to read books. Take notes, and develop a good habit.Qian Zhongshu's reading notebook is very thick, four times the size of an ordinary exercise book. It is densely written in both Chinese and English, making it difficult for others to understand.Every time he reads a book, he takes notes, extracts the essence, points out the fallacies, and writes down his experience.He cherishes his reading notes very much. During the "Cultural Revolution", he was sent to Henan's "May 3th" Cadre School to work. He would not forget to put a few dictionaries, dictionaries and reading notes in the suitcase, as if he would ruminate whenever he had time. read.When he wrote a book, he mainly referred to his reading notes.Such as "Song Shi Jishi", "Song Shi Chao Bu", "Song Shi Chao Su Bu" and various Song people's notes, poetry talks, anthologies, local chronicles, etc., I made a lot of notes while reading, correcting the mistakes of the predecessors, So he compiled a popular reading material into an anthology of Song poetry with high academic value. "Guan Zhui Bian" is an academic masterpiece with a million words. The main source of information is the five big bags of reading notes written by Qian Zhong. These materials are the accumulation of his years of hard work in reading. Notes form. As soon as this book was published in 1979, it caused a sensation in the academic world. It was republished later and became a must-have book on scholars' bookshelves.As the saying goes, "a bad pen is worse than a good brain", this statement is not bad.Scholars who are familiar with Qian Zhongshu believe that his memory is really amazing, and he can still remember things he read decades ago. Among modern Chinese scholars, there may be no second person who can compare with him except Chen Yinke, a master of history. , Foreign scholars say that his memory is a "camera-like" memory.Even so, Qian Zhongshu still needs to take reading notes, which are an important step for Qian Zhongshu to climb to the top of academic research.
Even if Mr. Qian is like this, for people with average memory, it is even more necessary to read books and take notes.
A line of book fragrance infiltrates the world of aura
Where does "scholarly fragrance" come from?Many people don't quite know.In ancient times, in order to prevent silverfish from biting books, a kind of rue grass was placed in books.Rue grass, also known as Rutaceae, is produced in the west of my country. This grass has a special fragrance. Books with this grass are fragrant after opening, so it is called "Scholarly Fragrance".A person with a scholarly temperament seems to exude a faint fragrance from his body.When it comes to scholarly temperament, of course books are inseparable.People's temperament is elegant and vulgar, clear and turbid is often closely related to how much they read.Shakespeare said: "Books are the nourishment of the whole world." Helen Keller said: "A book is like a ship, leading us from a narrow place to the infinite ocean of life." Gorky said: "I I love books, and every book opens a window to a new world for me.” Books are very important to life, for example, reading can increase knowledge, cultivate sentiment, and improve taste.More importantly, there is another gorgeous, peaceful and broad world behind the book.There, flowers are in full bloom, clouds are blooming, and people seem to be reborn.Poetry and calligraphy are self-sufficient, and those who are pretentious and arty tend to be impetuous because their form is greater than their content.The sensibility and intuition of scholars create rational and profound thoughts, and this kind of experience is a fascinating spiritual pursuit.Therefore, the scholarly temperament is often based on a quiet and rational temperament.In fact, it’s not just books. Many phenomena in the natural world will be full of the beauty of speculation, unity and harmony once they are enlightened and thought deeply by the human mind, exuding a strong atmosphere of humanity and philosophy. edifying.One flower, one world, the charm of scholarly temperament, often can only be understood but cannot be expressed in words.
1. Intellectual temperament
Intellectual temperament is permeated with the brilliance of rational wisdom, not intuitive sensibility, but intellectual vigilance.It's not a teaser by image, but a hint of reason.Intellectuality does not mean that there is no strong emotion, but that compared with calm observation with a strong color of rationality, emotions are no longer ostentatious, but appear restrained, and emotions are not so unrestrained, but restrained.This rational temperament can be seen everywhere in Qian Zhongshu's works.
Qian Zhongshu abandons that kind of mild ridicule, replaces it with the exploration of human weakness and plight, and makes an extremely profound psychological examination and moral criticism of cultural personality, thus presenting the melancholy and lingering style that is often associated with traditional sense of urgency Very different temperaments: awakened and alert.Mr. Qian Zhongshu is known as "Cultural Kunlun".Among his works, we are more familiar with the novel "Fortress Besieged" and the collection of short stories "Man, Beast, Ghost".Most of his essays are included in the book "Write on the Edge of Life".His academic works such as "Talking about Art", "Guan Zhui Bian", "Selected Notes on Song Poems", etc., cited tens of thousands of references, and covered literature, history, philosophy, psychology and other disciplines.Mr. Qian Zhongshu was born in a scholarly family, and he received the influence of classics and history collections since he was a child. In his youth, he became an outstanding poet of old-style poetry.At the same time, he attaches great importance to the works of Western thinkers. Although he does not necessarily agree with the ideological systems of these thinkers, he attaches great importance to some of their specific conclusions.Therefore, his works have a strong modern color.His literary reflections on culture, life, and human nature are so sincere that literature is no longer a sentimental, sad, and sorrowful expression, but a modern sense of urgency based on anthropology and philosophy.In this regard, Qian Zhongshu is strikingly similar to Lu Xun.In terms of cultural and philosophical reflections on the existence of life, both Lu Xun and Qian Zhongshu used strong negativity to see through the weakness of human nature in the form of evil. Race, while Qian Zhongshu focuses on its humanity.If Lu Xun is a strong fighter, shouting from the depths of his life to wake up the world, then Qian Zhongshu is a wise scholar, blazing around the edge of life and laughing alone to wake up the world.This is the sneer of a truly awakened person, cold and sharp, fiery and deep.Qian Zhongshu made it clear that his ultimate interest is not in the small category of the intellectual class to which he belongs, nor in the Chinese race, but in the entire bipedal, hairless, round-headed, square-toed human being.Qian Zhongshu persistently pursues a spiritual realm that is connected with each other.Compared with most contemporary Chinese avant-garde writers, Qian Zhongshu has been deeply baptized by Western rationalism, and his temperament, like his works, reveals an extremely strong rational spirit, reaching the realm of "no trace and taste".
It is not only the academia that has a scholarly temperament. In people's impressions, Zhang Aijia, who sings, acts and directs, also has a typical intellectual woman's temperament.She is gentle and elegant, talented but still has personality. She can be called the spokesperson of both virtue and art.The American "Time" magazine once promoted her in three pages.Born in Taiwan, Sylvia Chang set foot in the film and television industry at the age of 16, and has starred in nearly a hundred films for more than 30 years. After the 20s, Zhang Aijia reduced her front-stage performances and devoted herself to behind-the-scenes work. The films she directed were recognized by insiders. Among them, "Girl Xiaoyu" and "Won't Go Home Today" won multiple film awards.
Watching Zhang Aijia's plays always feels extremely enjoyable. This intellectual woman has been polished by time to be extremely mellow and capable.The life outside the play extends to the play, and what flows is full of flamboyance and self-confidence. Every move, every throw, and every look are all wonderful things unique to women.
2. Subtle temperament
The implicit temperament includes a kind of allegorical, symbolic and philosophical, which makes people feel infinite charm, and has a thought-provoking beauty and power.Mr. Zhu Guangqian keeps a low profile, keeps himself clean and doesn't like publicity.His meticulousness reflects his rigor in academic research and his low-key personality.He emphasized hard work and hard work. He said that some people are very talented but have ordinary achievements. They are like businessmen who have a lot of capital but have not made big business. A businessman who does big business with capital.The difference between this lies in the effort and the non-effort.
The style of the essayist Zhu Ziqing's works is simple, natural, and free and easy. They seem bland but are plump, soft on the surface but tough in reality.This kind of temperament is completely different from Lu Xun's saber-rattling and Guo Moruo's boldness.Sun Fuyuan said of Zhu Ziqing: "He never used violent and provocative words, and never had an impulsive tone, although we were both around [-] years old at that time." The ox hair makes our skin itchy and crispy, silently leaving a lasting imprint on our hearts.
"As soon as the Awakening of Insects is over, the coldness of spring intensifies. First, it is steep, and then the rainy season begins. Sometimes it is dripping, sometimes it is drizzling, and the sky is damp and wet. Even in a dream, it seems to be holding an umbrella. And just by a Holding an umbrella, you can avoid a burst of cold rain, but you can't hide from the entire rainy season. Even your thoughts are moist" - "Listen to the Cold Rain", this passage in Yu Guangzhong can be described as a lot of words, every step of the way.When using the fewest words to convey the maximum aesthetic content to the readers, this kind of beauty should be multi-layered and multi-faceted, not limited to the beauty of emotion and expressive beauty, but also the harmony of language density, elasticity and rhythm. become.The aesthetic pleasure of this beautiful article is multi-faceted and deep-seated, like a subtle temperament, which completely soaks the emotions in the eyebrows and eyes. .The reason why the implicit scholarly temperament is moving is not the sudden enlightenment, but the gradual enlightenment of practice.The subtle temperament is full of full talent, just like a thin needle in the hands of an acupuncturist, when you inadvertently, the needle tip penetrates your sensitive skin and enters your muscles, and the feeling slowly spreads to you nerves and spirit.
3. Sharp temperament
Speaking of Lingrui's temperament, I think of "Emerson's Selected Works" translated by Zhang Ailing. She said in the translator's preface: "He (Emerson) does not want to have believers, because his purpose is not to lead people to him. It is to lead people to themselves and discover themselves. Everyone is great, and everyone should have their own thoughts." Independent thinking, skeptical spirit, delicate feelings, keen talents, summed up Lingrui The connotation of temperament.Zhang Ailing is the most typical representative.It is not an exaggeration to call her an "anomaly" in the history of Chinese literature.The words under her pen are sharp and full of life.Eileen Chang is worldly, but so exquisitely worldly that almost no one can compare with her.
Eileen Chang's most famous collection is "Legend", which is the most appropriate word to describe Eileen Chang's life.Zhang Ailing has a prominent family background, an unhappy childhood, and her marriage is also a big misfortune.After becoming famous in the literary world, she went away. She lived in seclusion in the United States, lived a life isolated from the world, and finally passed away alone.So much so that some people say: "Only Zhang Ailing can bear the dazzling noise and extreme loneliness at the same time." As far as writing skills are concerned, she can be said to be proficient in this field.The precision of the language, the accuracy and delicacy of the feeling, the seamless structure, and the melancholy and mournful artistic conception make it difficult for the successors to follow in his footsteps.The combination of exquisite and clever narration and the sadness of life has created an unforgettable artistic effect.
Eileen Chang is an independent minded person.She neither believes in the dogmas of Chinese civilization nor in the dogmas of Western civilization.She's a skeptic, but she's not a nihilist.She jumped out of all the circles with ease and looked at the problem from a very high altitude.She enjoys the prosperity of the world to her heart's content and enjoys her life. She always stands aside and "smiles sinisterly and maliciously" to the people and things around her.When reading Zhang Ailing's works, if you only see her complaints, it will ruin her.Only those who laugh with her understand her.She really dared to "face the bleak life and face the dripping blood".There is always a weary, cynical smile on Eileen Chang's face, revealing her keen suspicion.
4. Free and easy temperament
A free and easy temperament is the temperament of a walker without boundaries. Yu Qiuyu said that a walker without boundaries means that a walker walks alone in the remote wilderness and encounters various difficulties. Only because of the persistent trust in his heart, he dares to put any piece of land in the world under his feet and walk out of the boundless territory.Yu Qiuyu's prose collections "A Sigh in a Thousand Years", "Notes on a Mountain Dwelling", "A Traveler Without Borders", "Frost and Cold River", and "Cultural Bitter Journey" are very well-known and very popular.Among them, "Cultural Journey" has successively won the Outstanding Achievement Award of Shanghai Literature and Art, the Best Book Award of "Scholar" by Taiwan's "United Daily News", the Most Influential Book Award of Jinshitang, and the first prize of Shanghai Publishing Award.His "Draft Theory History Draft" published in 1983 is the first historical work in mainland China to fully explain the cultural development and drama thoughts of various countries in the world from ancient times to modern times. The following year after publication, he won the first National Drama Theory Work Award , Ten years later, he won the first prize of the Ministry of Culture's National Excellent Textbook Award, and his academic achievements can be seen first and second.
The Art of Elegant Aura
In addition to reading, there are many other arts that make the aura more elegant.
1. Piano, Chess, Calligraphy and Painting
Piano, chess, calligraphy and painting, the four rhymes of life, contain the charming oriental charm, like a faint fragrance, which makes people fully appreciate the charm and elegance of traditional Chinese culture, and is also an indispensable treasure for cultivating a scholarly temperament.
(1) Qin.The magic of music.Qin, chess, calligraphy and painting, Qin ranks first.Violent heart and sword courage, tenderness and chivalry, this is the most beautiful realm!This realm should refer to the charm of music!If you like to enjoy high-pitched music, listen to more folk music and feel it: "The sky is like a hut, covering the four fields, the sky is blue, the wild is vast, and the wind blows and the grass looks low." That kind of artistic conception is like Tengger singing The song "Heaven" is vigorous, bold and heroic.If you like music about the sea, then you should enjoy the kind of music that is full of refreshing waves and seabirds, such as Debussy's "The Sea".If you like that kind of spectacular music, enjoy more classical symphonies, such as "Ninth Symphony", "First Piano Concerto", "Italian Caprice", "Sleeping Beauty".If you like that kind of crisp music, go for piano pieces like "Moonlight Sonata", "The Swan", "The Marriage of Figaro".If you like upbeat music, go for something simple and stylish.Sometimes you can also play by yourself, buy a musical instrument you like, violin, zither, pipa, erhu, guitar, flute, even a harmonica, and radiate your mood into the music.
(2) Chess. "The sky, the earth, the sun and the moon are small, but the universe in chess is big." When it comes to chess, people always feel that it is so ancient, especially the sound of falling chess, which is as clear as pearls falling on a jade plate, and as thick as iron. Throwing the hammer to the ground is unavoidably mysterious.
There is a well-written story about a group of chess idiots who play chess on a boat under the bright moon.One evening, as usual, many people readily went.As a result, due to the large number of people, there was no place to stand on the boat, so the extra people had to turn back regretfully.But the people on the boat were fighting, and when it was dawn, they suddenly heard someone crying in the water: "What a pity, what a pity! I lost a good game of chess!" There is nothing strange about losing a game of chess. Guess what, other people played chess all night on the boat, but this person stood in the water and watched chess all night, what a surprise!Eyes fixed on the chessboard, a scene of ecstasy is incredible.
Human intelligence can be raised to a certain height by playing chess.Didn't someone say "chess is like a man"?Those with a stable personality play chess without hurry and step by step; while those with an impetuous personality, without thinking about it, drive the opponent to death without thinking, but in the end they are easily defeated.If you are humble, you will give in every step, and if you are competitive, your chess style will only be good at attacking and not good at defending, just like your own chess style. "Go, take one step, don't look back, it's a long road, playing chess in the depths of people's feelings, fascinated countless chess lovers... The wind is rustling, the crows are old and the tree is ringing the morning bell and the evening drum, drinking the dew under the moon, playing chess as a gift, in a dim place, Fangshi, enlightenment." (Excerpted from Master Ziyou's "Rose Woman") The last word "enlightenment" means that chess can cultivate one's morality and self-cultivation.Those who know the rules of chess will naturally understand the truth as long as they understand these tactics; when playing chess, you must calm down.With no distracting thoughts in mind, and slowly experiencing, the heart will naturally be enriched, adding infinite charm.
(3) BOOKS.Calligraphy is also an art. The ancients regarded calligraphy as an art of cultivating sentiment and self-cultivation.Whether it is calligraphy and painting, or the four treasures of the study (pen, ink, paper, inkstone), they all pay attention to their artistic delicacy, and they also show a kind of taste and cultivation.Chinese calligraphy has a history of thousands of years. Before the Western Han Dynasty, people used branches and knives to carve characters on tortoise bones and bamboo slips one by one. , full of strangeness, the characters also appear to be generous.
Seal script is divided into small seal script and large seal script.Li Yangbing is the most famous seal script of the Tang Dynasty. His representative work "The Story of the Three Graves" has gentle strokes, but still has the meaning, simple and thin, sharp edges, and a square and well-proportioned structure.Lishu originated in the Qin Dynasty, also known as Zuoshu and Shishu.In the early official script, the shape and structure of the characters retained more traces of seal script.Later, it broke the "Six Books" tradition and laid the foundation for regular script, marking a turning point in the history of the evolution of Chinese characters.Regular script, also known as Zhengshu or Zhenshu, has a square shape and straight strokes.Regular script prevailed in the Tang Dynasty, when Yan Zhenqing and Liu Gongquan were famous.Running script is a style between regular script and cursive script. It is neither as rigorous as regular script nor as wild and bold as cursive script.
The "Orchid Pavilion Preface" written by Wang Xizhi of the Jin Dynasty and the "Luo Shen Fu" written by Wang Xianzhi are running scripts, and they are also two peaks in the history of Chinese calligraphy.The character "草" in cursive script has the meaning of scribble and draft. This type of font is divided into "Zhangcao" and "Jincao".The style of cursive script is unrestrained, and the brushwork is unrestrained. "The upper and lower links or borrow the end of the upper character, and the beginning of the lower character" can best reflect the artistic characteristics of cursive script. .
Calligraphy works not only focus on the stippling of characters, but also the structure of calligraphy works.Some people like to use banners, from right to left, splashing ink, some are restrained, some are stretched, but it is reasonable.And some people like banners, which flow straight down from top to bottom, seemingly weak and supportive, but in fact they are flexible and powerful.Appreciating calligraphy works is not only to observe the composition, but also to express the style and temperament.Some calligraphy works show a well-regulated, gentle and honest meaning. Presumably, when a calligrapher writes, he is calm and peaceful, and his heart is like still water.And some calligraphy works are as imposing as the turbulence of the sea and the rush of the Yellow River. Calligraphers should be full of pride when writing such works.
(4) DRAWING.
Once, Tang Bohu drew a picture of "Beauty Playing Fish" for his wife.I saw the beautiful woman in the painting, half leaning on the rockery, throwing flowers into the pond, and teasing the fish in the pond to play.She has towering temples and drooping pink face. She is really graceful and graceful in the painting, especially the unique charming and pretty demeanor of a young woman, which is vividly depicted on the paper.Later, it is said that during the reign of Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty, a young scholar bought this painting from the descendants of a family of fallen gentry.After seeing the painting, he was intoxicated every day, the more he looked at it, the more he fell in love with it, and the more he fell in love, the more fascinated he was.I thought to myself: This beauty is so moving from the back, but how beautiful is the front!From then on, he didn't think about tea or food, and kept saying: "Beauty, why don't you turn around?" People say that Tang Bohu's paintings are alive, and a picture of his back has made future generations suffer from lovesickness. Mile.
Appreciation of traditional Chinese paintings should be appreciated from the aspects of composition, lines, demeanor, momentum, and ink use. For example, Fan Kuan of the Northern Song Dynasty's "Axis of Traveling in Streams and Mountains", this painting adopts a lofty and far-reaching method, with a large picture and a wide scene. The ink color is dignified and vigorous, and it is an immortal masterpiece with far-reaching influence.There are many masterpieces of Chinese painting, and there are many genres. We can first understand the representative treasures, for example, the Tang Dynasty: Yan Liben's "Picture of Emperors of Past Dynasties", Wu Daozi's "Picture of Sending the Son of Heaven", Zhang Xuan's "Picture of Pounding and Training", Li Sixun "Jiangfanlou Pavilion"; Song Dynasty: Zhang Zeduan's "Along the River During the Qingming Festival"; Yuan Dynasty: Wu Zhen's "Autumn River Fishing", Wang Meng's "Gezhichuan Migration"; Tang Yin's "Meng Shu Palace Prostitute Picture", Lu Ji's "Thinking Picture"; Qing Dynasty: Hu Mei's "Parrot Playing Butterfly Picture", Jiao Bingzhen's "Ladies Picture", Mei Qing's "Mountain and Flowing Water Picture"; modern times: Zhang Daqian's "Beauty Picture", Xu Beihong's " Galloping Horse", Qi Baishi's "Shrimp", Jiang Zhaohe's "Refugees".People who know how to appreciate paintings do not necessarily have outstanding appearance, but they all have absolute charm. This charm comes from the flowing demeanor and the simple and elegant aesthetic feeling.
Integrating the art of painting into his clothes and conversation, luxurious yet elegant, this kind of temperament is so charming, his smile makes people daydream, and expresses the beauty of the soul to the fullest.
In fact, the Chinese paintings we see often have paintings in the characters and characters in the paintings. That is to say, calligraphy is often inseparable from Chinese paintings.
2. Pen, ink, paper and inkstone
Pen, ink, paper and inkstone, the four treasures of the study, are already far away from us.Tu Long in the Ming Dynasty recorded more than 40 kinds of stationery supplies in "Stationery Yabian", usually more common ones are: pen holder, arm rest, poem container, pen stand, pen holder, brush washer, ink bed, ink box, paperweight, water Note, inkstone drop, inkstone box, seal, printing box.It can be seen that once the ancients wanted to write, how complicated and delicate procedures were needed, and how solemn it was.As soon as you pick up a pen and devote yourself wholeheartedly, your emotions, talents, thoughts, wisdom, and spirit are all integrated into it and become one.
(1) pen.Among all kinds of pen products, brushes can be regarded as a unique category in China.The traditional writing brush is not only a must-have stationery tool for the ancients, but also has a unique charm in expressing the special charm of Chinese calligraphy and painting.There are many kinds of ancient pens. From the raw materials of pens, there were rabbit hair, white wool, green wool, yellow wool, sheep whiskers, horse hair, deer hair, musk hair, badger hair, raccoon hair, mink hair. , rat whiskers, rat tails, tiger hairs, wolf tails, fox hairs, otter hairs, orangutan hairs, goose feathers, duck feathers, chicken feathers, pheasant hairs, pig hairs, fetal hair, human whiskers, thatch, etc.In terms of performance, there are hard cents, soft cents, and combined cents.In terms of the texture of the pen tube, there are water bamboo, moso bamboo, mottled bamboo, palm bamboo, rosewood, chicken wing wood, sandalwood, nanmu, rosewood, fragrant wood, carved lacquer, green lacquer, mother-of-pearl, ivory, rhino horn, Ox horn, unicorn horn, tortoise shell, jade, crystal, glass, gold, silver, porcelain, etc., are many precious materials.
It took a lot of thinking for the ancients to write, and they were very particular about which pen to match with which paper. For example, the Jianhao pen can be matched with any paper. "The ink needs to be thick, but the brush needs to be strong. Use thick ink with a strong brush, so that the writing is powerful and full of charm." Light ink and soft brush are not particularly suitable for calligraphers, but they are unique and full of charming charm. Wenzhi is good at light ink and soft brushstrokes, which is called "light ink exploration of flowers" in the world, which is also very suitable.Calligraphers of the Qing Dynasty such as Zhang Zhao, Liang Tongshu, and Wang Wenzhi were all good at writing on paper or silk with a Yanghao brush.
(2) Ink.The world of Mo is not only not boring, but also rich in content.Prehistoric painted pottery decorations, oracle bone inscriptions from Shang and Zhou dynasties, bamboo and wood slips, silk calligraphy and painting, etc., left traces of primitive ink everywhere.By the Han Dynasty, artificial ink products finally began to appear.The raw material of this kind of ink is taken from pine smoke. It was first kneaded by hand and then molded. The ink is solid.There are two types of inks: "oil smoke" and "pine smoke". The oil smoke ink is made of tung oil or added burning smoke, and the pine smoke ink is made of pine branch burning smoke.Oil smoke ink is characterized by black and bright color and luster; pine ink is characterized by black color and lack of luster.
The appearance of ink is various, and it can be divided into natural color ink, lacquer ink, gold wash ink and lacquer edge ink.The use of ink in Chinese painting is very particular, and the fantasy and wonderful artistic conception of Chinese painting and calligraphy can only be realized by the application of ink.
(3) PAPER.Paper, one of the four great inventions in ancient China, once made outstanding contributions to the spread of culture in history.Even today when machine-made paper is prevalent, some traditional handmade paper still embodies its irreplaceable role and radiates its unique brilliance.Ancient paper can still be glimpsed in the ancient paintings and calligraphy handed down.From the chronology of the early ancient papers unearthed so far, they can be arranged as follows: Fangmatan paper in the early Western Han Dynasty, Baqiao paper, Xuanquan paper, Maquanwan paper, and Juyan paper in the middle Western Han Dynasty, and Hantan paper in the late Western Han Dynasty. slope paper.These papers are not only earlier than Cai Lun papers, but also have ink marks on some papers, indicating that they have been used for document writing.
(4) Inkstone.The so-called "four treasures inkstone is the first", this is because it is solid in texture and can be passed on for hundreds of generations.Therefore, among the "Four Treasures" in today's society, inkstone is the most common and the most popular.The early inkstones were attached with grinding pestles or grinding stones. Since when did its shape change, that is, the grinding pestles or grinding stones were eliminated, and it was close to the current inkstone?As far as we know, it is the Han Dynasty.Due to the invention of artificial ink in the Han Dynasty, the ink can be ground directly on the inkstone, so there is no need to use a grinding pestle or a grinding stone to grind natural or semi-natural ink.Pen, ink, paper and inkstone are inseparable. A good inkstone, if it is upright and bright, is easy to ink and emit ink.The so-called "ink is in the inkstone, rotates with the brush" and "if the ink is stronger than the firmness, the love for the stone is also greater", the close relationship can be imagined!
Cultivate aesthetic power and listen to the beating pulse of the aura
To have an artistic aura, the most important thing is to cultivate one's own aesthetic ability.Only when we know how to appreciate beauty can we shape our own beauty.Works of art use beautiful art forms to produce beautiful visual effects and give people a sense of beauty.Whether it is painting, sculpture, architecture or handicraft works, while feeling them, one can feel poetic lyricism, music-like rhythm and rhythm, and even feel the pulse of the progress of human thought... It is characterized by its rich variety , many styles and great achievements have provided a large number of artistic resources for the treasure house of human culture, and have influenced human emotions, thoughts and concepts.In the terms of our Chinese Confucian art function theory, it can be described as "enhancing human relations, beautifying education, and changing customs".Art is a visual art, which reflects life and expresses thoughts and emotions through intuitive and visible art forms.The author uses highly refined, generalized and typical moments to express the content, which gives people a strong artistic appeal and allows us to feel and be influenced by beauty.
Rodin once said: "Art is a lesson of learning sincerity." Works of art not only impress people with their beauty, but also condense the thoughts, emotions and wisdom of the artists, telling their truest and most beautiful feelings.Therefore, it can immediately arouse our perceptual knowledge, let us be moved and moved by it... This is the unique charm of art.Because it makes people feel sincere and at the same time learn to be sincere.
(1) Cultivate the ability of art appreciation.Compared with aesthetic ability, art appreciation ability is more professional and profound.If you want to cultivate your own artistic temperament, then you can study a wide range of works of art, or you can choose what you like to study carefully.Taking architecture as an example, Goethe said that architecture is frozen music.Western architecture is full of scientific rationality and humanistic atmosphere, such as elegant and harmonious ancient Greek architecture, Italian Renaissance architecture, French classicism architecture, etc.The distinctive feature of Chinese architecture is "preservation", which has a long history and a very stable system just like ancient culture.
Appreciation of architectural works of art, you can start with the most representative ones: Acropolis, Parthenon, Colosseum, Notre Dame Cathedral, Falling Water, Langchamp Church, Sydney Opera House, Ying County, Shanxi Fogong Temple Sakyamuni Pagoda, Beijing Temple of Heaven and so on.By analogy, there are also sculptures, paintings, music, dances, dramas, operas, calligraphy, designs... You can make a list, and then use your spare time to understand and savor carefully.Over time, you will find that your spirit suddenly takes on a new look, and that is the beginning of an artistic temperament.
(2) Learn a variety of art forms.You can also shape your own artistic temperament by learning many art forms. Of course, it should be noted that you have to like them, not for arty.In China, ancient prose is an art that many literati like to try to figure out.If you think you lack artistic accomplishment, then you can definitely learn ancient prose. Learning ancient prose can make people full and elegant. In addition, it can increase affinity in personal temperament and social communication.However, mentality is very important when learning ancient Chinese, because there are bound to be many difficult words in the learning process, and it is difficult to successfully appreciate ancient Chinese without patience.The biggest gain of learning the art of ancient Chinese is that it makes people live more comfortably. Not only will you feel like a real Chinese, but you will also find that it can improve your popularity.To appreciate landscapes, one must not only appreciate the majesty, steepness, and peculiarity of mountains, the depth, beauty, vastness, and vastness of waters, but also taste the temperament, character, spirit, and soul of landscapes, so as to truly grasp the true meaning of landscapes.The aesthetic relationship between people and mountains and rivers has accumulated a very rich cultural connotation from its occurrence, development and constant changes. On the one hand, it has formed a landscape culture with mountains and rivers as its carrier, and on the other hand, it has formed a literary art with the expression of mountains and rivers as its content.To study landscape culture is to take landscape as an object, reveal its cultural connotation, and study the relationship between people and landscape.Dance is the affirmation of life.Nietzsche's Zarathustra said: "O life, I have recently looked into your eyes, and in your night eyes I have seen the sparkle of gold, and my heart stopped beating for joy! "This is the song of the dancer and also the song of life. While dancing creates a beautiful figure, it also creates an extraordinary artistic temperament.Pottery is not only an art, but also a leisure activity that concentrates attention and helps soothe the body and mind.Doing pottery requires a lot of mental effort and spiritual and emotional investment. You can temporarily put aside other things and concentrate on experiencing the fun of making pottery.Moreover, in the process of making pottery, you will find that a work of art is created with such hardships, and you will learn to cherish it from the process of making pottery.Kendo is also an art. It allows people to learn to be patient and bear while constantly being hit, and it teaches people to face life calmly.If you are a grumpy person, or if you are not going well in your career recently, I suggest you learn kendo.Paper art can fully cultivate and express the creativity of learners. If you are a person who lacks romance, expressiveness and creativity, it is very useful to cultivate a little artistic temperament by making paper art.Tea ceremony is a life etiquette art with tea as a medium, and it is also considered as a way of self-cultivation.If you are a workaholic, you might as well learn the tea ceremony to rest your mind and calm your impetuous heart.Photography is an art that is relatively easy to learn. It can satisfy people's visual aesthetics, and if you are skilled, you can use it to gain economic benefits.If you are facing employment difficulties, you can learn photography, and then start your own business to open a photo studio, which can not only solve the problem of food and clothing, but also often deal with art, killing two birds with one stone.
Be a person with taste, style and taste
The ancients once said, "Wealth and honor do not return to their hometowns, like brocade clothes walking at night." When you succeed, you must have someone to appreciate your success and envy your success, so that success can be tasteful.And what is the measure of success?You have money and status, and so does he. You don't have to flaunt it and you can't flaunt it.Everyone who counts as a person has bought luxury houses and famous cars, even private jets and yachts are not uncommon.To show your detached status of having money, leisure, success and fame, you have to play something that others can't play, and express your own style and taste.For example, Zhang Baoquan, chairman of Jindian Group, is able to take out several calligraphy works for exhibitions and often holds "conceptual real estate exhibitions" that belong to installation art, which makes him stand out in the "uncultured" real estate industry; Huang Nu, the owner of Zhongkun Real Estate Company Bo, because he has published one collection of poems after another and held one poetry seminar after another, he has become a "real estate poet" that has attracted much attention.
Wang Shi, the CEO of Vanke Group, is a semi-professional athlete among entrepreneurs.Since he climbed the first snow mountain in Tibet in 1997, he has been unstoppable, spending 1/3 of his time every year on activities such as mountaineering, rafting, skiing, paragliding, skydiving, and hot air ballooning.This made him a star entrepreneur and earned him the title of "National Mountaineering Master".He jokingly said that he would "die either on the top of the mountain or at the foot of the mountain". In May 2003, 5-year-old Wang Shi successfully climbed Mount Everest, becoming the oldest person in China to climb Mount Everest. In December 52, he successfully reached the South Pole and completed the goal of "2005+12" (the highest peak of the seven continents, plus the South Pole and the North Pole). The oldest one among the people is also the first among the Chinese.
In response to the question of whether mountaineering hinders the right business, Wang Shi's famous saying is: "Don't ask me as a foreman, don't ask a chairman like this." Arrange time to do what you want without worrying about financial constraints and opposition from others.Another implication is that Vanke Group's corporate management has been on the right track, and the company's bosses no longer need to fall into anxiety about specific affairs.
We can see that the pursuit of taste is not arty, but more often, it is to show one's superior status and super strength to the outside world.
People have a kind of mentality, whoever is more powerful is more attractive, and everyone is proud of associating with and cooperating with him; If you get too close, you will implicate yourself and be inferior to others.Taking this as a starting point, no matter what we do, we must first set up a facade, and never let the outside world look down upon us.Things in the world are like this, what kind of image you want to establish in this world, what kind of status you want to strive for, you must show a good performance.People may sympathize with the weak and pity the weak, but they are never willing to stand on the same level with him.
There is such a kind of person in life, their background may not be so good, their position may not be so high, but they always insist on an elegant and tasteful life, behave elegantly, and treat others politely.In the long run, in the eyes of the people around him, he is a well-cultivated and stylish person, and everyone's attitude towards him will naturally not be casual and perfunctory.Acquired nobles are cultivated in this way.
You must know that the treatment a person receives is closely related to his own performance. If many people around us praise us, then we will also become more confident.But if you don't treat yourself well, then no matter when and where, it is impossible to be treated politely by others.In fact, external performance is also an asset. Many people have lost excellent jobs and opportunities to make a fortune just because of their humble appearance.
In life, when making friends, especially friends of the opposite sex, you should not show timidity in fashion taste.Always living a mediocre and busy life will give people a very boring feeling.Get in touch with more fashionable sports such as mountaineering, tennis, swimming, etc. on weekdays, and learn to play a musical instrument. At the very least, you must have a few good songs to perform at parties.As for listening to operas and watching art exhibitions, how many people can really appreciate the essence of them?You can not like it, but it is necessary to understand it, even if only as a kind of talk is good.
Many of us have a misunderstanding, thinking that only when we have enough money can we spare no effort to talk about taste, but this is not always the case.Only if your knowledge and bearing are like that, no one will underestimate you.We can temporarily have no money, but we cannot be without thoughts.For example, for the same trip, if he goes to Europe, you can go to Miao Village. Although the cost is very different, it only represents your different tastes; Back to basics; he eats seafood, you eat vegetables; he listens to opera, you listen to folk music; he plays golf among the blue sky and green grass, and you fish by the rippling pond.As long as you have your own style and ideas, it will also make people look different.
Can dressing change a person's aura?The answer is of course yes.The choice of what clothes to wear essentially reflects a person's role positioning for himself, just like walking in a spotless hall, you are ashamed to spit and throw garbage everywhere.When you wear unrestrained avant-garde clothes, you will give yourself a cynical psychological hint; when you wear traditional classic business clothes, you will feel that you are moving closer to the professional direction; when you wear lively and bright denim clothes , you will feel full of vigor and vitality; when you wear elegant and decent lady clothes, you will feel gentle and demure.These different psychological feelings directly affect your corresponding speech and behavior, and then form your unique aura.
(End of this chapter)
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