The Complete Collection of Ice Books

Chapter 56
The so-called scholars have a certain mind and a certain plan.Although the essence of Taoism cannot be exhausted, there must be a certain rate; although it cannot cover the beauty of all kinds of goodness, there must be a place.That's why wisdom is not too much, but what you know; what you say is not too much, but what you say;Wisdom is known, words are obtained, actions are followed, and life and death are not easy to change.Wealth is not enough to benefit, and poverty is not enough to hurt.This is also the scholar.

The so-called gentleman is one who must be faithful in his words but not jealous in his heart, benevolent and righteous in his body but not aggressive in appearance, transparent in thinking but not specific in speech, sincere in practicing the truth, and constantly striving for self-improvement, who will be surpassed spontaneously but unattainable in the end.This gentleman also.

The so-called sages have virtues that do not exceed idleness, conduct in accordance with the rules, speak the law to the world without harming themselves, and teach the people without harming the foundation.If you are rich, there will be no wealth in the world, and if you give alms, the world will not be sick and poor.This is also a sage.

The so-called sage, the virtue is in harmony with the heaven and the earth, there is no way to change things, the end of all things, the nature of the common people, and the way of the way, and then he becomes emotional, the light is as good as the sun and the moon, and his deeds are like gods. The people do not know his virtue. Those who see do not know their neighbors.This saint also.

main idea
The key to the long-term stability and peace of the country and the long-term stability of the throne is the correct selection and appointment of talents.Therefore, Confucius said: "There are five types of people: mediocre, scholar, gentleman, sage, and wise man. If the king can clearly identify these five types of people and use them properly, it proves that he fully understands how to govern the country way."

The so-called mediocre people have no ambitions in their hearts and lack of education in their conversations. They do not choose wise people to rely on, and they do not strive to survive and develop themselves; they are short-sighted, do not understand the overall situation, and do not know what they should do.Such people are mediocre.

The so-called scholars have their own goals and plans for their actions.Although I can't fully understand the so-called "great righteousness", I can still speak with a basis; although I don't do good everywhere, there are also admirable good deeds.Wisdom is not the more the better, the focus is proficiency; the more communication is not the better, the focus is to be able to grasp the essentials of speaking; doing things is not the more the better, the key is to understand the ins and outs and methods of doing things.Understand the truth of doing things, speak properly, and act with plans. In this way, their aspirations are as difficult to change as their lives and bodies.Therefore, riches and honor do them no good, and poverty does them no harm.Such people are scholars.

The so-called gentleman speaks honestly and trustworthily without avoiding taboos, often does good deeds without showing off, thinks clearly, is sensible, speaks modestly and kindly, acts down-to-earth, sticks to principles, and strives for self-improvement. On the surface, it is easy to surpass them, but In practice, it is very difficult to do like them.Such a person is a gentleman.

The so-called virtuous man is one whose character conforms to propriety and law, whose behavior conforms to norms, whose words can convince and be imitated by all the people in the world, and will not arouse people's envy and slander, and whose moral thoughts can educate the people without distorting morality itself.They can make all the people in the world rich without collecting wealth; they are willing to do good and help the people get rid of disease and poverty.Such a person is a wise man.

The so-called sages, whose moral character can be compared with the heaven and the earth, are infinitely changeable, understand the laws of all things in the world, are in harmony with all things, and do not violate nature.Spread the Way in the world and make it the temperament of the people.The brilliance is like the sun and the moon, and the behavior changes like a god.The common people don't know how lofty their morality is, and when they see them, they don't know that the sage is their neighbor.Such a person is a saint.

Original
"Qian Jing" said: "Virtue is enough to cherish the future, faith is enough to make a difference, knowledge is enough to learn from the past, and talent is enough to be crowned in the world. Next, this is the handsomeness of a person; the body is enough to be an appearance, the wisdom is enough to resolve suspicions, the behavior is enough to be greedy and contemptible, and the trust is enough to cherish special customs, this is the pride of a person; If you don't avoid it, if you see the benefit and don't get it, this is a great man." "Family Talk" said: "In the past, the king of Ming would know the names of the world's good men, not only his name, but also the truth, and then use the world's nobles to respect him. , then the world is rational.” This is what we call it.

main idea
"Qian Jing" said: "If a person's character and morality can completely influence and attract people from afar, his honesty and credit can completely unify those who hold different opinions, his knowledge and knowledge can fully learn from historical experience, and his talent and ability can completely rule the roost." In the current world, no one can match him, such a person is the elite among the people; if a person makes laws that can educate the world, his words and deeds can become a model of morality, and his benevolence and righteousness can be praised by everyone , his clear eyes can penetrate the situation, such a person is a hero among people; his behavior can completely become the standard of people, his wisdom can completely resolve problems, and his conduct can completely motivate those greedy and vulgar people. The power of honesty and reputation can completely infect people in other countries. Such people are heroes among people; Let it go, and don't take it easily when you see the benefits. Such a person is an outstanding person."

"Confucius's Family Sayings" said: "The ancient sage kings must know the names of all the virtuous people in the world, not only know their fame, but also know their actual talents, and then grant them high salaries to show their respect. In this way, The world will be governed well." This is what he said.

Only the fourth
Original
The talents of wives vary and vary in size.Yousheng can't fill Dendrobium, if it is full, it will be discarded.If it is not the person who makes it, is it safe?Therefore, Yi Yin said: "Wisdom is connected with the Dao, and it is adaptable but not exhausted. It can discern the emotions of the world. Its words are enough to adjust Yin and Yang, adjust the four seasons, and season wind and rain. If so, it is regarded as the Sangong. Therefore, the matter of the Sangong always lies in the Dao. It is not lost. At four o'clock, if you are able to communicate with the geographical advantages, if you can communicate with others, if you can benefit from disadvantages, those who do so will regard it as Jiuqing. Therefore, the affairs of Jiuqing always lie in virtue. To communicate with personnel and affairs, it is like holding a rope. If this is the case, it is regarded as a doctor. Therefore, the affairs of a doctor always lie in benevolence. Loyalty and strong admonitions, without treachery, go to the private and public, and there are laws and regulations. When morality and benevolence are defined, the world is upright."

main idea
People's talents are uneven and different in size.It's like using a container to hold things. It is difficult to hold a hu of things in a one-liter container. When it is full, it will overflow, and the overflow will be discarded and wasted.The same is true for employing people. If you don't use his talents correctly and don't use his expertise, then how can you not make mistakes?Therefore, Yi Yin said: "If a person's wisdom can reach the level of proficiency in the laws of the operation of things, adapt to the situation, will not be exhausted, and understand the situation of things; his words can completely harmonize Yin and Yang, accurately approve the four seasons, and grasp the law of weather and rain. We recommend him to be Sangong. Therefore, what Sangong does is based on Dao as the standard of doing things, and explores the law of development between society and nature. If a person does not miss the four seasons, he can understand the meaning of geographical advantage, and he can transform Unblocked is unblocked, and we can recommend such a person to be Jiuqing. Therefore, Jiuqing mainly does things related to moral construction, and takes morality as the standard of doing things. If a person understands the world , grasp the essentials of doing things, understand the tax and food issues, and can ensure that the national treasury is full. We recommend such a person to be a doctor. It can be seen that a doctor should always use benevolence as the standard of doing things, and he must have a benevolent heart for the people. If a People are loyal and upright, outspoken and dare to speak out, have no treacherous heart, are impartial and selfless, and speak in accordance with the law. We let such people be Lies. Therefore, the tasks of Lies often take justice as the standard of doing things. Dao, morality, benevolence, righteousness Once everything is confirmed, the country is on the right track.

Original
The Taigong said: "Talk a lot, speak harsh words, speak evil all day long, sleep and lie down all day long, are hated by everyone, and are sickened by people. This will make you want to block Lu Lane, watch out for evil and wait for disasters. The right counts good things, and sleeps at night. Wake up early, do not regret the drama, this is the general of the wife. First talk about things, be diligent and eat, be honest and hopeful, and the wealth is even. It is said that the number of punishments and killings will see blood. If you don't avoid your relatives, this is a general of a hundred. He is aggressive in litigation, jealous of thieves, and punishes others with punishment. Words come out from time to time, knowing people's hunger and satiety, learning people's drama, this is the general of ten thousand people. Trembling and trembling, being cautious every day, approaching wise people to seek advice, making people know the integrity, not slow in speech, loyal and sincere, this is the man of 10 people He is also a general. He is gentle and solid, with the same intentions. He sees the virtuous and advances him, and his actions are not in vain. He is a general with millions of people. He has many honors, and his neighbors have heard about him. Knowing how to lead the world, being able to achieve success and saving defeat, knowing astronomy from above, and geography from below, within the four seas, everyone is like a wife, the rate of this hero is the master of the world."

main idea
Jiang Taigong said: "If a person is talkative and mean-spirited on weekdays, and often speaks harshly to others, and won't stop even lying down, he will be hated by everyone. We can let such a person stop the pedestrians in the roadway, interrogate bad people and bad deeds, Look for possible hidden dangers. If a person likes to play tricks, loves to take care of chores, goes to bed late and gets up early, and enjoys it even though he is overworked, such a person is only suitable to be the leader of his wife and children. If a person has foresight, insight into human affairs, and works Diligent, eating with his subordinates, being honest and kind, and distributing wealth equally, such a person can be a small leader of ten people. If a person is thoughtful and courteous to his superiors, respectful; if he does not listen to the advice of his subordinates, it is easy to use punishment Such a person can command a hundred men. If a man is aggressive in arguing, hates his enemies like hatred, governs the army with punishment, and always wants to unite the tribe, such a person can command a thousand men. If a person is modest in appearance, well-spoken, aware of other people's hunger and fullness, and whether they are tired or relaxed, such a person can be a general of thousands of people. If a person is cautious every day, is close to virtuous officials, and is good at adopting other people's strategies, Employers are restrained, measured, not disrespectful, honest and sincere, such a person can be a general of 10 people. If a person is gentle and honest, has the demeanor of an elder, is dedicated, recommends them when he sees sages, and does not use them indiscriminately. Punishment, such a person can be a general of millions of people. If a person has made outstanding achievements and is famous far and wide, even though he goes in and out of luxurious residences, the people are still willing to get close to him; The way of dealing with things, can satisfactorily complete the task given, also has the ability to turn the tide, reverse the defeat and win the victory, know astronomy from the top, geography from the bottom, and love the world as much as his wife and children. Such a person is a hero and can be Be the king of the world."

Original
The scriptures say: "Wisdom is like a source, and those who can act as a model are teachers; those who can cultivate wisdom and act as auxiliary policemen are friends; Happy, those who make promises again and again, are also subordinates. Therefore, the superior master regards the teacher as his assistant, the middle master regards his friends as his assistant, the subordinate master regards his officials as his assistant, and the master who is in danger of death uses his subordinates as his assistant." If you want to watch its death, you must let it Down.Therefore, to meet with those who understand, to hear with those who listen, to follow each other with comrades, and to use sages without sages.Therefore, assisting those who want to be envoys, the chance of survival, the key to gain and loss.Sun Tzu said: "Which master has the way? Which general has the ability? I know victory by this." It is said.

main idea
The scriptures say: "If a person's wisdom is like an inexhaustible spring, and his behavior can set an example for others, such a person can be a teacher; if he has enough intelligence and wisdom to learn from and encourage others, Behavior can help others, can provide reference for others, such a person can be a friend of others; if he abides by the law and never dares to do anything wrong, such a person can be a petty official; if he follows the master and follows the master, Serve the master carefully, as long as the master calls him, he will promise again and again, such a person can be a servant of others. Therefore, the superior monarch uses his teacher to assist him, the inferior monarch uses his friends to assist him, and the inferior monarch uses Small officials assist him, and a monarch in peril uses his servants to assist him." If you want to observe the rise and fall of a country, you must look at the talents used by the ruler.Therefore, it is said that people with the same vision can see the same size, and people with the same hearing can hear the same sound. People with the same ambition will come together.Therefore, the assistant ministers around the king and the people who are reused by the king are related to the survival of the country.Sun Tzu said: "Which country's monarch is moral, which country's generals are talented, based on these, we can know who will win and who will lose." This is what he said.

Knowledge fifth
Original
The minister hears the law of the master and general, and understands the heart of a hero.However, it is not easy to know people, and it is not easy to know people.Guangwu of the Han Dynasty, the master of listening and listening, fell behind Pang Meng; Cao Mengde, the philosopher who knew people, fell behind Zhang Miao.why?Those who are in the category of things are confused and confused in the world.Therefore, it is said that a sniper is like wisdom but not wisdom, a fool is like a gentleman and not a gentleman, a stupid person is like courage but not courage, a subjugated master is like wisdom, a subjugated minister is like loyalty, a weed is like a weed, and a lizard is like a yellow ox. It looks like a tiger, the bones are suspicious, and the jade is like jade. These are all plausible and not true.Confucius said: "Ordinary people's hearts are perilous in the mountains and rivers, but difficult to know in the sky. The sky still has the seasons of spring, autumn, winter, summer, and twilight. People are thick and affectionate. Therefore, there are appearances that benefit from wishes, and there are long-term ones who are not good. Firm but unadorned, slow and slow.”

main idea
I heard that the way to lead generals is to understand the inner world of these heroes.However, it is not easy to be understood by others, and it is not easy to understand a person.Emperor Guangwu of the Han Dynasty was a monarch who was good at listening to and distinguishing various opinions, but he was confused by Pang Meng's words; Cao Cao was a wise man who knew people well, but he was deceived by Zhang Miao. Why?It is because all kinds of complicated things in the world confuse people's hearts.Therefore, it is said that a prying person looks smart but is not really smart; a foolish person looks like a gentleman but is not a gentleman; a straightforward person looks brave but is not brave.A subjugated king seems resourceful, and a subjugated courtier seems loyal.Weed seedlings are similar to grass seedlings, black cowhide with yellow patterns resembles tiger skin, white bones are similar to ivory, and jade-like acrylic stones are not jade. These are all examples of plausibility.Confucius said: "The heart of a person is more dangerous than mountains and rivers, and it is more difficult to understand a person's heart than to predict the unpredictable climate. The sky has four seasons of spring, autumn, winter, summer, and morning and evening, but people are different. Kindness, but the true feelings are hidden deep in the heart. Therefore, some people are humble on the surface but are arrogant, some people seem to be elders but their behavior is wretched and undecent, some people appear to be meek but they are upright in their hearts, and some people are superficial. People who are strong and decisive on the outside are actually indecisive on the inside, and some people seem to be calm but are irritable."

Original
The Taigong said: "Scholars include those who are strict but unworthy, those who are gentle and thieves, those who are respectful on the outside and bully at the heart, those who are refined but ruthless, those who are majestic but ineffective, those who dare to break but are invincible. There are those who are in a trance but are loyal, those who are obnoxious and effective, those who are brave and ruthless but cowardly, and those who have dreams and dreams but change people. No mission does not come, no mission fails. The world is cheap, the sage is precious Ordinary people don't know it, but Da Ming sees it." This is a scholar whose appearance does not correspond to his heart.

main idea
Jiang Taigong said: "Some scholars look serious and upright, but they are not decent inside; In fact, they are ruthless and ruthless in their hearts; some seem majestic and awe-inspiring, but they are actually mediocre and achieve nothing; some seem brave and decisive, but in fact they have no ability to make decisions; Some scholars seem to be procrastinating, but they are actually very efficient in their work; some scholars appear brave and fierce, but they are actually timid; It may appear, it is unpredictable. What ordinary people despise, sages regard as precious, ordinary people and things that are difficult to understand, only sages know the true meaning of them.” These are the situations where people’s appearance and heart are inconsistent.

Original
Those who know this scholar have skills.Observing and asking questions a little, to observe their words; using words poorly, to observe their changes; planning with each other, to observe their sincerity; asking questions clearly, to observe their virtues; using wealth from afar, to observe their honesty; Use color to see its chastity; tell it to be difficult to see its courage; drink it to see its state. "Zhuangzi" said: "When you make it far away, you can see its loyalty; if you make it close, you can see its respect; if you make it troublesome, you can see its ability; if you ask it suddenly, you can see its wisdom; Observe its color by its location." "Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals" says: "If you are familiar with it, you will observe its etiquette; if you are expensive, you will observe its progress; if you are rich, you will observe its nourishment; if you listen, you will observe its actions; Observe what he likes; if he is accustomed, observe what he says; if he is poor, observe what he does not love; if he is cheap, observe what he does not do; To test one's integrity; to mourn, to test one's benevolence; to suffer, to test one's ambition."

main idea
There are ways to understand people whose appearance does not match their reality.Examine a person carefully, observe his speech, and keep questioning him until he has nothing to say, so as to observe his resilience; use a little trickery to observe whether he is honest; deliberately ask him about obvious things, You can tell whether his virtue is good or bad; send him to a remote place to manage finances, so as to test whether he is honest; seduce him with beauty, so as to observe his integrity; tell him to let him go to a dangerous place, In order to see if he is brave; get him drunk with wine to see if he has concentration and will not lose his composure.

"Zhuangzi" said: "Send a person to work in a remote place to observe his loyalty; let a person serve by his side to observe whether this person is respectful; entrust him with complicated and difficult tasks, to observe his ability; to ask him a question suddenly, so as to observe whether he can respond flexibly; to make an urgent appointment with a person, to observe whether this person is trustworthy; to place a person in a dangerous environment, so as to observe his bearing and look."

(End of this chapter)