Poetry is innocent

Chapter 3 "Ode to Zhou" (1)
"Zhou Song" can be divided into two categories: first, those without rhyme, and second, those with rhyme.Those without rhyme, such as "Qing Temple", "The Destiny of Weitian" and "Weiqing" (the characters in this chapter are originally Qi characters, so they are not rhymes), "Hao Tian You Cheng Ming", "Shi Mai", "Wu" and "Lai" "Ban" is all there, and the semi-rhymeless ones are like "Wo Jiang" and "Huan", and they all have rhyme.These rhymeless and semi-rhymeless ones are completely different from the rhymed ones, and many of the rhymed ones are close to "Daya" and "Xiaoya". If these rhymeless ones are the lonely ones in "Three Hundred Poems" one type.Probably this is the earliest composition in the Book of Songs.

"Guoyu" uses "Shimai" as Zhou Wengong's work, which is probably wrong. "Haotian has a destiny" has already come out as Chengwang.But there is always a gap between these and those "Zhou Song" and "Daya" with rhymes.I recently wrote an article in "Ode to Zhou", which is to replace the lecture notes.

"Zhou Song Shuo" (with comments on the two places in southern Shandong and the sources of "Poetry" and "Book")

Any kind of literature that can be popular among the people can often be preserved for a long time, because if one part is lost, other places can be preserved; if everything written is lost, the mouth can still be preserved.Therefore, for some nations that do not have written words, their literature is often passed down for hundreds of years and then written down, so that it will not be lost during the process.As for those writings that cannot be popular among the people, such as those hidden in the government, that only circulate in one class, they are often lost after drastic political changes, so that there is nothing left.This fact is obvious and needs no examples.Looking at "Poetry" and "Book" according to this meaning, "Poetry" should be more likely to be preserved than "Book".

If we only talk about "Poems", we should also think that the one that is least likely to disappear or be scattered by major political changes is "Guofeng"; the one that is most likely to disappear or be scattered by major political changes is "Ode".It is true that it is not as easy to change as words that are handed down in the mouth, but it is rare to lose them completely due to a major political change; if things are kept in the government, it is difficult to flow and change, but it is easy to lose them all at once.

"Book of Zhou" and "Poetry of Zhou" look so strange now! "Book of Zhou" originated from Fu Sheng, and there are only two articles titled "Wu Wang's defeating Zhou", namely "Mu Oath" and "Hong Fan", and more than ten articles about Zhou Gong, from "Jin Zong" to "Li Zheng" , the two articles about King Cheng and King Kang's accession to the throne, the following only one about Fuhou is from the Western Zhou Dynasty, and the rest are all from the Eastern Zhou Dynasty.Why is Duke Zhou so important?Is the distribution of "Book" so uneven in Zong Zhou's hundred years?
Looking at "Zhou Poetry" again, the two major topics in "Da Ya", "Xiao Ya" and "Ode" are praising the beauty of literature and military, and praising the southern country, let alone Ernan.Why does the southern country account for so much weight?Is the distribution of "Poetry" so uneven in Zong Zhou's hundred years?There can be no reason for this, right?Or Zong Zhou's "Poems" and "Books" were lost due to major political changes. face?

Now let's talk about "Zhou Song". "Song of Zhou" has two things that are different among the chapters of "Book of Songs": first, it does not use rhyme completely, and second, it does not divide chapters.Mr. Wang Jing'an took these two things as the slowness of praise, and they are all conjectures, with no evidence at all.Moreover, "Ode to Lu" has imitated "Ode to Zhou", and "Ode to Shang" (actually "Ode to Song") has places where it imitated "Ode to Lu" and "Ode to Zhou".

"Lu Song" and "Shang Song" all use rhyme, which is one of "songs". It can be rhymed or not.About rhyme developed in "Poetry", from less to more. "Zhou Song" comes first, so there is less rhyme; after "Lu Song" and "Shang Song", the use of rhyme is common, and it is no different from "Feng" and "Ya".In addition, "Lu Song" and "Shang Song" are divided into chapters, and they are very neat, such as "Daya" and "Xiaoya"; the "Zhou Song" is not divided into chapters, and there may be another reason.If it is as Wang Junsheng said slowly, what about the length of "Lu Song" and "Shang Song"?
Wang Jun intends to refute the meaning of Yizheng Ruan Jun's commentary, so he interprets these two things in this way. In fact, Ruan Jun's commentary is not "true in its original meaning" (Wang Jun's words), that is, he said that each chapter of the three songs is a dance.Among Wang Jun's four proofs, three are all conjectures and have no facts; one proof quotes "Yan Li Ji Da She Yi", which is not evidence, but only based on inferences, and the so-called prose of etiquette is used to prove his voice. "Yi Li" is often the most complicated, and it is not limited to this matter, and it cannot be stopped because of the complexity of the rituals. No matter how slow the performance of the chapter "Shimai" is, it is rare to extend 34 stanzas. If there must be Such a thing must be caught in the middle, or played at the beginning and the end.And it cannot be concluded that it does not belong to dance poetry because of the slow sound.

Ruan Jun regards the hymns as dance poems. Although we can't find evidence that it is a dance poem, but because of Ruan Jun's thorough explanation, it is inconvenient for us not to follow him when we have no evidence to the contrary.Because the word "song" is the word for tolerance, dancing is tolerance, but music is not. Why did the earliest "song" come from outside the original meaning?Therefore, if you follow the meaning of Ruan Jun's interpretation, you should follow the use of Ruan Jun's interpretation. The two things are one thing. At least in "Zhou Song", that is, in the beginning of the song style, there should be no "gu not gu" "The feeling.

Looking closely at "Zhou Song" now, it is actually different from "Daya". "Daya" is more narrative, and "Zhou Song" is just some vigorous words.Jin Zuo can narrate, but the appearance of dancing must be vigorous.If there is no fundamental difference in the use of "Zhou Song" and "Daya", this phenomenon will definitely not happen.

The difference between "Zhou Song" and "Lu" and "Shang" in terms of rhyme should be due to the difference in sequence, and the difference between "Zhou Song" and "Daya" in terms of words should be due to the difference in use. What is the reason for not dividing chapters?I think "Zhou Song" is not without chapters.Since the Han Dynasty, it has been seen that the reason why it is not divided into chapters is that the old chapters are messed up, and the scriptures are not in order, so it has the current appearance.

There are three evidences: "Zuo Zhuan" Xuan 12 years: "Chu Zi said that King Wu conquered business, and he wrote a eulogy: "Zai Ji fights and fights, Zai bows and arrows, I seek Yide, let it be in Shixia, and allow the king to protect it." ", its death chapter said: 'Qi Ding Ergong.' The third said: 'When I think about it, I will seek it.' The sixth said: 'Sui Wanbang, repeat this year.'"

We use "Zuo Zhuan" to prove that "Poetry" has a great danger, that is, "Zuo Zhuan" was originally published from "Guo Yu" in the late Western Han Dynasty. "The speaker of "Mao Shi" and "Zhou Guan" intends to communicate them with each other, of course.But of course there are some articles on "Poems" and "Books" in the original "Guoyu", which may not be completed after the completion of "Zuo Zhuan". It should not be taken, because it may be artificially added materials later; all "Zuo Zhuan" and "Mao Shi", "Zhou Guan" and so on are different or actually opposite, they should be taken, because they should be the original ones. The ingredients have been changed but not lost.

This passage in the 12th year of the Xuan Dynasty is different from "Mao Yi", and of course it is not a later creation.This paragraph indicates the death chapter, three chapters, and six chapters of "Wu", which is a proof.

Looking at the texts of "Zhou Song" now, they all seem to be incomplete. "Min Yu Boy", "Fang Luo", "Jing Zhi", "Xiao Wu" or "Lie Wen" together look like the same thing, and they are combined with "Gu The plots mentioned in "Ming" are in line with each other, and this kind of ceremony of heir king's practice should not be fragmented like the independent chapters of "Zhou Song" we see now.In addition, the three chapters of "Zai Xun", "Liang Si" and "Si Yi" are also similar. "Zai Xun" is farming, "Liang Si" is harvesting, and "Si Yi" is about swallowing after harvest.The three chapters together are like "July", and the chapter "Silk Clothes" is just like the chaos of "July", but "July" is a folk song, so this should be the dance of Jitian.Also, the following chapters of "Qing Temple" are especially incomplete, but it is not easy to find the clue of how they should be put together.This is the second certificate.

Although "Ode to Lu" and "Ode to Shang" have evolved, they should be the continuation of "Ode to Zhou". Sure enough, "Ode to Lu" and "Ode to Shang" are both long. The face of "Zhou Song" seen.This is the three certificates.

The external evidence is recorded in the 12th year of "Zuo Zhuan", the internal evidence has the meaning of the text, and the circumstantial evidence has the genre of "Lu Song", so there is no doubt about the original division of "Zhou Song".Dance is the most complicated thing, and if there are more festivals, there should be more chapters. On the contrary, it is shorter than Jinzuo, and it does not divide chapters. It seems that there is no reason for this.As for why the "Zhou Song" in the "Three Hundred Poems" has its own chapters and chapters, it is because the "Song" is only kept in the court, and it cannot be "under the doctor". can be lost. "Guofeng" is completely contrary to this, that is, "Daya" and "Xiaoya" do not rely solely on the court to preserve their appearance like this.

As mentioned above, "Ode to Zhou" is not divided into chapters because the old chapters have been messed up, and the person who passed it can't separate them. But how many things can we find in "Ode to Zhou" now?Maybe you know what is the original mess in Chapter 31?Answer: "Zhou Song" is messy, and three things can happen: [-]. confusion, that is, confusion in sentences, and confusion in sentences that are not in a chapter; [-]. reversal of order; [-]. loss of chapters.Mencius quoted "Poetry", "Let me govern the people, Mo Bandit Er Ji", there is still "I don't know, I don't know, follow the emperor's rule". "Xia is the two sentences of "Let me come to seek, the emperor's order leads to education", I don't know who is the one who is in disorder, or all of them have passed through the disorder.

According to the biography in the 12th year of Xuan Dynasty, the three chapters of "Wu" have "timely interpretation, I only seek to settle", and the six chapters of "Wu" have "Sui Wanbang, repeated harvest years", and today's "Huan" is before "Lai".As for the chapters that are not all in the 31 chapters, it is even more inevitable that something will be lost.Therefore, it is impossible to find a few whole chapters among these 31 chapters.But which chapters are miscellaneous in these 31 chapters, there are still several clues to be found.

One of them is called "Si Xia". In the 12th year of "Zuo Zhuan" Xuan: "King Wu conquered business, and wrote a eulogy: "Zai Ji fights, carries bows and arrows, I seek Yide, and let the king protect it in the summer." "Now in "Shi Mai", his chapter Nothing to test.Later, the name of the music "Xia" or "Great Summer" may be performed by this celebrity.

The second is called "Wu", or "Da Wu". "Zuo Zhuan" recorded his death chapter, three chapters, and six chapters in Zhongyu in the 12th year of the Xuan Dynasty. Today, in the three chapters of "Wu", "Lai" and "Huan", there is no other chapter to test.According to the 12th year of "Zuo Zhuan", "Wu" was written after conquering Yin. Baoda, Dinggong, Anmin, Hezhong, Fengcai.

"Wu" is praised by Confucians, and occupies a very high position in Confucian ritual, music and political theories.Mr. Wang Jing'an made a list of the six chapters of "Da Wu" from the narration of "Mao Poems" according to the dance appearance recorded in "Yue Ji".
[-]%

Reconstruction
Samsung
Four percent
[-]%
[-]%
imagined things

north out
Destroy business
South is Xinjiang
Divide the Duke of Zhou from the left to call the Duke to the right

affixed with reverence
dancing face
General manager Shanli
Carry forward
Divide into
Sitting in chaos
dance poem title
"Wu Su Night"

"Wu"

"discretionary"

"Huan"

"Lai"

"Like"

Dance poetry
Haotian has a destiny, and the second queen accepts it.King Cheng did not dare to be healthy, so Su Yeji ordered you to be secret.Yu Jixi, Shan Jue Xin, wanted to calm him down.

Yu Huangwu Wang, Wu Jing Wei Lie.Yun Wenwen Wang, Ke Kai later.Heir Wu accepted it, defeated Yin Yu and restrained Liu, Qi Dingergong.

Master Yu Shuo, obeyed the dark times.At that time, Chunxi was using Daisuke.My dragon accepts it, and the king made it.Carrying a heir, Shiweier is a fair teacher.

In Sui Wanbang, there have been many years of good harvests, and the destiny is slack.King Huanhuan Wu kept the Jue scholars, and in the four directions, he restrained the Jue family.Yu Zhao is in the sky, and the emperor is in between.

Since King Wen is diligent, I should accept it.Applying elbows to decipher thoughts, I will seek to determine.The fate of the time and week, Yu Yisi!
In the emperor's time and Zhou Dynasty, it was involved in its high mountains, Yishan and Qiaoyue, and it was like a river.Under the sky, the right time and the fate of the time and week.

There is no need to talk about other things, that is, when comparing the dance appearance and dance poems, there is no perfect match. The number of Wang Jun's [-]% and every complete appearance is from "Yue Ji", and the following narration is "Mao Poems" Yes, but the narration of "Mao Poems" and "Zhou Song" can be followed. Why are the six chapters pointed out by Wang Junming in three places, so far apart?Therefore, if the order of "Mao Shi" can be followed, Wang's statement is not valid. If the words of "Yue Ji" can be relied upon, then the original "Wu" is written in "Yue Ji". .”

Now copy down this section of "Le Ji", and you can see that it is unfounded at a glance.

Bin Mujia was sitting in front of Confucius, and Confucius talked with him and had fun, saying: "My husband has already entered the precautions in Wu, why?" Also, be on alert and beat the drums to warn the public. I am still worried about illness. I am worried about not being able to get the hearts of the people. Obscenity, song is too late. Catch, and also. Things, military affairs.) "It's too late to promote it, why?" Confrontation: "It's time for things." (When it comes to "Wu", things should be done. Also.) ""Wu" sits to the right, Xian left, why?" Confrontation: "It is not "Wu" to sit." (It is said that there is no sitting in "Wu". , Pronounced as Xuan, the sound is wrong.) "The sound is obscene and business, why?" Confrontation: "It is not the sound of "Wu". Or say that its meaning is greedy for business.) The Master said: "If it is not the sound of "Wu", then what is the sound?" Confrontation: "You Si lost his biography. If it wasn't for You Si's loss of his biography, King Wu's aspirations will be lacking." (Yousi, the classical music is also. Biography, still talking about it. Huang, old man. Those who talk about classical music lose their words, and people at the time speak in vain. The "Book" says, Wang Maohuang.) Confucius said: "Wei. Qiu Zhi heard about Chang Hong, just like what my son said." (Chang Hong, Doctor Zhou.)
Bin Moujia got up, and invited him out of the table: "My husband has been preparing for the "Wu" for a long time, and he has heard the order. Dare to ask why it is so late and so long?" Yu Zhu.) The Master said: "House, I speak to the daughter. If the husband is happy, the image will be successful; if the chief executive is on the mountain, it is the business of the King of Wu; if it is carried forward and vigorously, it is the ambition of the prince; "Wu" is chaotic and sits, The governance of Zhou Zhao. (Stay, still sit down. Achievement means what has been done. The chief executive is holding a shield. Standing on a mountain is standing upright. King Xiangwu is holding a shield and standing upright to wait for the princes. To carry forward vigorously, so It is also like the time of Wu. Wu dance is like fighting. Chaos is called losing the ranks. When losing the ranks, everyone sits, like Zhou Gong and Zhao Gong stop martial arts. For the extermination of Shang, [-]% will go to the south, [-]% will be divided into Xinjiang, [-]% will be divided into Shaanxi, Zhou Gong will be left, Zhao Gong will be right, and [-]% will be added with Chong (cheng, still played, and each martial song will be [-]%. At the beginning, it was the time when Xiang Guanbing was allied with Jin, and then it was played when Xiang was conquering Yin. The third time it was played Xiang Kedian had enough power and turned back. The government divides the duties and governs, and the Liuzuo Xiangbing also revitalizes the brigade. Recovering, reversing the position and stopping it. Chong, filling. Every Liuzuo is used to supplement martial arts.) Son of Heaven. China also "Oath of the Pastor" said: "Today's matter is nothing more than four cuttings and five cuttings. Each of them has its own trilogy, like using military affairs to achieve early success.) Standing for a long time, waiting for the arrival of the princes. (Like King Wu defeating Zhou, waiting for the princes.) And the woman alone has never heard the words of Muye. (I want to say the meaning of martial arts.) King Wu conquered Yin and opposed Shang, and before he got off the chariot, he enshrined Huangdi in Ji, enfeoffed Emperor Yao in Zhu, enfeoffed Emperor Shun in Chen; got out of the chariot, and enshrined Xia After the Hou family, Yu Qi, after voting for Yin, in Song Dynasty, the tomb of the prince Bigan was sealed, and the prisoner of Jizi was released, so that he could be a merchant and returned to his position. The sun of the Huashan Mountain cannot be used again; the cattle scattered in the peach forest field cannot be used again; , so that he became a prince, and the name was "Jianyu". Then the world knew that the king of Wu would no longer use troops. "As for the suburbs of Shang, Muye." Feng means those who have no land. To vote is to raise disciples. At that time, King Wu granted Wu Geng, Zhou's son, Wu Geng to the Yin Ruins, and those who migrated were Weizi. Accumulating soil as a seal, sealing the tomb of Bigan, advocating the virtuous. Doing, still looking at it; making Jizi look at the place where the officials and sages of business rituals and music are, and ordering them to live against them. Relax the government and get rid of the tyranny of the Zhou Dynasty Also. Beilu, the one who was thin when he was restored to Zhou Dynasty. Scattered, still put. Peach forest, next to Huashan Mountain. Armor, armor also. Provocation, the word provocative. The armor of soldiers is called 櫜, key 櫜, and it is said to be closed. Bingjia also. "Poetry" said: "Carry the bow and arrow." "Spring and Autumn" said: "Changing the bow and entering." "Zhou Zha" said: "The wish of the bow is also the appointment." Thistle may be a continuation, wish or For casting.) Scattered army and shoot in the suburbs, left shoot "Beaver Head", right shoot "Zouyu", and shoot the breath of Guange;Scholars talk about swords; offering sacrifices to the Ming Hall, and the people know filial piety; pilgrimage, and then the princes know how to be ministers; farming and borrowing, and then the princes know how to respect: five are the great teachings of the world. (Jiao She is the archer in the suburbs. Left, Dong Xue also, right, Western Xue also. "Beaver Head" and "Zou Yu" so the song is a festival. Go through the leather, shoot through the armor leather. Wearing the crown, wearing the clothes Clothes are the crown. Clothes are the genus of Dagon. 搢, still inserted. Ben, anger. The temple of King Wen is the Mingtang system. Farming and borrowing, and land.) Food, old and fifth are in the university, and the emperor is naked. Cutting off animals, holding the sauce to feed, holding the title to eat, and crowning to be the chief executive, so teach the brothers of the princes. (The three elders and the fifth watch are the ears of each other. All the old people know more about the three virtues and five things. The crown is the chief executive, and he is in the dance position. Zhou's famous university is called Dongjiao.) If this is the case, the way of thinking can be extended in all directions. Ritual and music intersect, so the husband's "Wu" is too long, isn't it also appropriate? "

This section is obviously a comment on the martial arts practiced by the Confucianists themselves in the early Han Dynasty. Although "Oath of Shepherd" appeared later than "Zhou Gao", it did not have this set of sayings in the later years of the Warring States period. Later, it actually said that "eating the three elders and five men is in the university", and Qin Jue's three elders and five men all came out, so this Even if the narrative of Wu Rong in one article is not all empty talk, at least it is no more than the martial arts of Confucianists in the early Han Dynasty.And all the things mentioned in it, such as "sound obscenity and business", can be found in "Da Ming" and "Dang" of "Da Ya"; "Out" is in "Dukong Liu" and "Wen Wang Yousheng"; "Nan Guo Shi Shi" is in "Song Gao", and the rest of the words are abstract, and it is not difficult to find similarities in "Daya".Such a piece of "Da Wu" is like a collection of "Da Ya", which does not match the words of "Zhou Song".About the early Han Confucianists made his ideal "Da Wu", and took the meaning or words of "Da Ya" into it. This is what "Yue Ji" talks about.Otherwise, "Wu" is the content of conquering Yin, and "the southern country is the style", which was far after Chengkang, so why did it also move in?

The third is the spoon.Now "Mao Shi" also has an article "Drinking".The discretionary version is the text after the word spoon, like the naked version for fruit, and the sweet version for abundance, Han Confucianism likes to add radicals, meaning to explain rebellion. The chapter "Zuo" is "Spoon", which has always been used by Legalists. The word "Spoon" can be seen in "Yi Li·Yan Li", "If you dance, you will use a spoon", and "Book of Rites·Nei Ze" has "13 years of learning to recite "Poetry" and dancing a spoon, Become a child and dance like an elephant, learn to control", Xiong Ansheng said that it is the "Spoon" chapter.

The two characters Shao and Shao can be connected in sound in ancient times.The ladle is the same as today in the time of Ping Sheng, and the call of Zai Sheng is a small difference, and this difference is only due to the arrival, as evidenced by Mr. Corrodron, there is no such thing as a common practice in ancient times.The sound of Shao is K, and Shao is U. There are many examples in Chinese and Western languages. Mr. Keluojulun also proved that Xiaoyao and other parts are reversed (see his book "Chinese Analysis Dictionary Preface"). Let's try to use Spoon is a character with a phonetic sound, most of which are in the entry, while the characters for Yueyu are in the tones, and they are in the same part as Zhao in "Guangyun".Since Zhao and Shao have the same origin in sound, we can now assume that the distinction between Zhao and Shao comes from the dialect, because of the confusion of Shao, and Shao Shao later has a slightly different name, which is due to the same origin and different streams. Flows and changes, but Confucians don't know it.

Now let’s look at the connection between Shao and Shao in ancient books, "Xunzi·Yuelun": "Dancing Shao and singing and dancing." Confucius did not regard singing and dancing as the treatment of "Wu" and "Shao". (The four sentences of Yue Ze Shao Wu are the theory of the profit and loss of the three generations of later generations. It is by no means an old article in "The Analects of Confucius".Also in "Chunqiu Fanlu Zhiwen Pian", "Shao" is used as Zhou Wengong's praise of Yin, which shows that "Spoon" and "Wu" are closely related, but "Shao" can be such a source.Compared with "Wu", if it is recorded as Xiao Wu in "Nei Ze", it is not suitable for this great use.In addition, "Hanshu·Dong Zhongshu Biography" quoted Emperor Wu's edict, thinking that Yu Mo was prosperous in "Shao" and Zhou Mo was prosperous in "Spoon". Although this is different, it is actually the same.About "Zhao" was enjoyed in the land of Lu, and it was lost and became the endless "Spoon", so it has a small reality, but it still does not forget that it is a Zhou thing, and it is popular in Yu, and the name "Zhao" is still used, so it is related to it. The legend of Yu Shun is involved, but it can still be seen that it is similar to "Spoon", and this example proves its commonality.

(End of this chapter)