Poetry is innocent

Chapter 4 "Ode to Zhou" (2)
Let’s look at the difference again: "Zhou Li" mentions both Shao and Shao, but the things listed in "Zhou Li" are all made up of different kinds of things that are different from each other, such as the six books and six poems. To sum up, one thing has two names in dialects later, and the two names are not the same due to different methods. It is not surprising that it treats them as two things. "Xunzi·Lilun" also miscellaneously mentions Shao, Wu, spoon, 濩, Xiang, arrow and eight kinds of musical instruments. It is the words of attackers, relatively recent. "Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals Ancient Music" and "Yinshi" have many names for music and dance, which is not as good as "Spoon", but nine moves are named.Looking at it this way, judging from Zhaoliu as a spoon, it lost its use in Lu and had a large name, and those who flowed from Zhaoliu to Yu still used the name of Shao, and they were called Tang Da for music and dance, and were called far away.This setting seems to be valid.Since the addition of radicals is mostly a matter of Han Confucianism, the original character of Shao must be Zhao, and Zhao is a later borrowed character.If this statement is true, there is at least one chapter of "Shao" in today's "Poetry".

The word Zhao is the name of music, and it is for example that King Xia Song Wen, King Wu Song Wu, and dance names are all proper names, and the name should be the same thing as Zhao Gong.Regarding "Shao" and "Wu", Confucius felt that "Shao" could be perfect, but "Wu" could only be perfect, but not perfect. blue.Moreover, "Wu" records the extermination of Shang, and Chen Yizong mostly talked about conquering the four countries and conquering merchants. "Shao" was written when the Zhou Dynasty was at its peak, and it was a relatively peaceful dance and music that did not require much fighting. Qi Axe. "Nei Ze" Zheng's Note: "Learn the spoon first, and then learn the image, which is the second of civil and martial arts." Wu also. Those who become children and dance elephants are said to be over fifteen years old, and those who dance elephants are called martial arts. Xiong Shiyun said that it is a small dance that uses fighting and fighting. Because it is still young, it is also a small dance that uses civil and martial arts." Confucius called this literary dance perfect, but he thought that Wu Wu could not be perfect.

"Ya" and "Song" were already in chaos in the state of Lu at the time of Confucius, probably due to loss, rewriting, and borrowing. "The Analects of Confucius": "The Master said, I will defend myself and reach Lu, and then I will be happy, and "Ya" and "Song" will get their places."In addition, those of the three families used Yongche, and the master said: "Xiangwei Pigong, the emperor Mu Mu, took it from the hall of the three families!" Then he has borrowed "Zhou Song" for other things. "Shao" has not died in Lu, "The Analects of Confucius": "Zi heard "Shao" in Qi, and in March, he didn't know the taste of meat, and said: 'If you don't want to be happy, it will be here.'" Confucius Shiqi was 35 years later, See "Confucius Family", if "Shao" still existed in Lu State, Confucius would not have heard it when he came to Qishi, and he would be so happy.

Although the general and main body of "Shao" died early, there are quite a few that have been popularized from this name.In Lu Confucianism there is the "spoon" dance, and in Qi there is the music of "Zhengzhao" and "Jiaozhao". For me to make the joy of the monarch and his ministers, the beauty of "Zheng Zhao" and "Jiao Zhao" is also." "Shao" praises Zhao Gong, then here "Zheng Zhao" and "Jiao Zhao" are the joy of the monarch and his ministers, go to the beginning Righteousness is not far away.After Zhaogong, he called the tiger to conquer the southern country, and the music in "Shao" should be applicable to the southern country. Later, since "Shao" has something to do with the southern country, the southern country may have this name left; "Two articles.The character here is immediately the character of "Zheng Zhao" and "Jiao Zhao", and "Da Zhao" is not a word if it is not explained in this way. "Calling the Soul·Xu" has "Naixia Zhaoyue", so I used the call in "Calling the Soul" as the verb. I don't know that "Xu" and "Calling the Soul" are completely irrelevant and contradictory. The article "Calling the Soul" persuades the soul to return home. The East, West, North, South, and North are unstoppable, and the "Numerical" is a call to send an envoy to heaven. It is clear that someone forced this inherent ritual soul song on Qu Yuan, and then fabricated this story as a narration (such an example in Chu Fu) No, the narratives of "Gaotang" and "Goddess" are irrelevant to this article). "Lu Lan Ancient Music Pian" and "Zhou Li Chunguan Da Si Le" all contain the name of "Nine Tricks", which came from the call; there were many people who were famous for the call from the Warring States period to the early Han Dynasty. .As for why later generations added "Shao" to Yu, it was probably due to a change in Yu's practice of "Shao", so they thought it came from the ancestors of Yu.Li Si's "Shang Qin King Book" "Zheng Wei Sang Jian, Shao Yu elephant dancers, the joy of exotic countries", pointed out its popular place.

The fourth is Xiangwu. Although the "Preface to Mao's Poems" is not very clear in the "Ode", there are not many fragmented words. It came out late and was obliterated as a set of ancient literature. .If we use Mao's words, "Weiqing" is a chapter of Xiangwu. "Lu Lan Ancient Music Pian": "Wang Cheng established, the people of Yin rebelled, and ordered the Duke of Zhou to cut them down. The merchants served the elephants as abuses to Dongyi, and the Duke of Zhou chased them away with dances. As for Jiangnan, they were three elephants to praise them. Virtue." Xiangwu originated in Shang, and recent people have obtained evidence that Xiangwu should be old in Shang, or it was borrowed from Shang culture in the early Zhou Dynasty. Xiong Ansheng thought it was in "Wu", so it may not have the original.In the Spring and Autumn Period, there was Wan Wu. "Zuo Zhuan" recorded his travels in Chu: "Zi Fan wanted Gu Wen's wife, and she was a museum for her, and she shook Wan Yan." "The Book of Songs Bei Feng Jian Xi" records her travels in Wei: "Simple and simple, Fang will perform Wanwu." "Ode to Shang" records its travels in Shang: "Wan Wu has Yi." Or it is also a book of the Shang Dynasty, as far as Nanfu. I don't know if it has anything to do with Xiangwu ?
The fifth is the dance of the successor Wang Jianyan. The name of this dance is unknown today, but it may be found in biographies. "Min Yu", "Fang Luo", "Jing Zhi" and "Lie Wen" should all have this function.I am not saying that these four chapters should be combined into one article, but there must be some relationship between these four chapters, and the meaning of these four chapters cannot be fully understood by reading them alone.Now copy "Book Gu Ming" and "Poetry Min Yu Boy", "Fang Luo", "Xiao Wu", "Lie Wen" and "Respect" below, and a school will know that the appearance of Wang Jianzuo, the successor, is very complicated.

But in April, Zai is born to dominate, and the king is not happy... The king said: "Wuhu, the disease is getting worse, and the disease is getting worse. If you are dying, I am afraid that you will not be able to get the heir to the oath. I will judge and order the daughter: the former king Wen Wang Wu Wang, it is appropriate Chongguang, Dianli, and Chen Jiaozhi, do not violate the law, use Ke to reach the Yin, and gather great fate. The later Dong, respect the power of heaven, follow the great training of civil and military affairs, and no one dares to faint. Today, if you are sick, you will not be happy. Fu Wu, Er Shang Ming said my words, use respect to protect Yuan Zizhao, help in difficulties, be gentle and far-reaching, comfort and persuade the small and big states. Mrs. Si is self-disturbed by prestige, and you have no way to take advantage of others. "I have been ordered to go out and dress up in the court.The next day, Yi Chou, Cheng Wang died.The Taibao ordered Zhonghuannan, Guanmao, Biyuan, and Qihou Luji to send Zizhao outside the south gate with two thousand Ge and a hundred people from Hu Ben. ...The seven days passed, Guiyou...Wang Mamian dressed in clothes, and stepped up from the guest ranks. ... Taishi Bingshu is promoted from guest rank to imperial king's order.Said: "The queen relied on the jade, and the way to promote the end of the life, ordered the female heir to train, and came to the king Zhou Bang, followed the Dabian, Xie and the world, and used the light of the civil and military training." The king worshiped Xing again, and replied: " To the last boy, he is able to make chaos in all directions in order to respect and avoid the majesty of heaven. He accepts the same and Mao. Wang Sansu three sacrifices to the three houses. , the ancestors are the same, worship, the king worships, the Taibao accepts the same, and the house is given to the ancestors, worships, the king worships, the Dabao surrenders, accepts, the princes leave the temple gate. The king goes out within the gate, and the Dabao Lead the princes of the four directions to the left of the Yingmen, and Duke Bi led the eastern princes to the right of the Yingmen. "They all paid homage to Jishou again. Wang Yi Side replied, and Dabao and Rui Bocheng bowed to each other, and they all bowed to Jishou again. Said: "Dare to tell the emperor that the emperor will change the order of the great state of Yin, but Zhou Wenwu's birthday will be punished if he is restrained. To sympathize with the western lands, only the king of Xinzhi, Bi Xie, rewarded and punished him, and defeated the meritorious deeds of Jue Ding, so that he could use them for the successors.Today Wang Jingzhi.Zhang Huang's Sixth Master, my great ancestor is widowed if there is no harm. "

The following is "Kang Wang Zhi Gao" ("Kang Wang Zhi Gao" is a newspaper, but the meaning of the words is the same as above).

Wang Ruo said: "The male guards of Houdian, a common state, can only give a report to one person. In the past, the emperor was civilized and military, and the wealth was not to be blamed. The family of the king of Yi, with the order to God, and the emperor with the teaching of Jue Dao, sent to the Quartet, and ordered Jianhou Shuping, who came after me. Today I give it to my uncles, Shangxu and Gu Sui, the ministers of Er Xiangong, to obey The former king, although you are away in person, you are not in the royal family at heart, and you will be ashamed if you serve him with respect." All the lords obeyed their orders, and bowed to each other and came out.Wang Shimian, against mourning.

Min Yu's boy, Huan Huan feels guilty for being disrespected by his family.Yu Huangkao, eternal filial piety.Thinking of the emperor's ancestor, Zhi descended to the court to stop, and Wei Yu boy, respectfully stopped all day long.As for the emperor, I will never forget the preface.

The visit to Yu stopped, and the test was taken at the time. Yuzai, I have no love.I will do it, and I will continue to judge Huan and Weiyu boy, but I can't bear the difficulties of my family.Shao Ting went up and down, Zhi descended to Jue's family, and stopped the imperial examination, so as to protect himself.

Punish it and avoid future troubles.Don't give it to Xiaofeng, ask yourself to be stinged.Zhaoyun, the peach worm, was fighting to fly the bird, but it was not overwhelmed by the family's difficulties, so I gathered it again in Polygonum.

Liewen Bigong, Xiz is blessed, benefits me without boundaries, and protects my descendants.There is no seal in the country, and the king of Wei respects it, recites the merits of Zirong, and follows his emperor.There is no competition for Weiren, the four quarters will train them, they will not show their virtues, and they will punish them all the time.Ever since, the former king never forgets.

Respect and respect, Tianwei shows his thinking, life is not easy.Wuyue is high above the sky, Zhizhi descends to Jueshi, and the Japanese prison is here.Weiyu boy, if you don't love and respect, you will follow the sun and the moon, and you will learn from Xiyu Guangming.When the Buddha is on his shoulders, he shows me his virtues.

The above arrangement does not mean that these articles in "Ode to Zhou" can explain "Gu Ming", nor does it mean that these articles are the same as "Gu Ming", nor does it mean that these articles in "Ode to Zhou" were originally One, but looking at these two things together, the role of these articles in "Zhou Song" will be more clear.

The fifth is the dance of Jitian. The three chapters of "Zai Xun", "Liang Si" and "Si Nong" belong to it. "Silk Clothes" is especially like the last chapter of "Bin Feng·July".Jitian was a major event at that time, and he can be attached to a rich and long dancing appearance.

In addition, there must be other fragments in "Zhou Song", but at this time, or forever, I can't find the clue.

According to the above, "Zhou Song" is not divided into chapters.The reason why it is the only one who suffers this bad luck in the "Three Hundred Chapters" is that the ontology of these things is originally preserved by the government, and major political changes will greatly affect them.There are only some dance music with old names changed into new styles in the folk.The culture at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty was much higher than that of the Western Zhou Dynasty. However, the great chaos after Emperor Ling caused the collapse of all music in the Central Plains. Wei Wuping Jingzhou was awarded Du Kui.So he thought that the army planned to offer sacrifices to wine, so that he could create Yale.The chaos of the Eastern Han Dynasty was still like this, let alone the demise of the Western Zhou Dynasty?

About "Zhou Song" can be divided into three categories, one without rhyme, two short chapters with rhyme, and three long chapters with rhyme, with different diction.

There are two things involved in the above, and I feel that they have a lot to do with it: [-]. What was the Western Zhou Dynasty like when it died?[-]. Why are the South-related characters in "Feng", "Ya" and "Song" so important?When the Western Zhou Dynasty died, the cultural relics were almost wiped out.The relocation of the capital due to the subjugation of the country cannot move cultural relics away. During the Yongjia Rebellion, nothing was moved to Jianye; Jingkang Nandu, nothing was moved to Lin'an.The culture of the Eastern Jin Dynasty only relies on the foundation of Wu State.The culture of the Southern Song Dynasty only relied on the foundation of the armies in the south of the Yangtze River.As usual, Zong Zhou's demise should at least lose the same amount of literature, not to mention King Ping's suspicion of killing his father, and Marquis Shen's crime of killing the king.

The two chapters "Xiaoya · Zhengyue" and "Yu Wuzheng" record the situation in the early years of Zhou Jidong. It can be seen at a glance that the king of Zhou at that time was actually a wandering son, but "Poems", "Books", "Rituals" and "Music" cannot be brought out. Of course.According to the old place of Zhou, first was the barbaric Dog Rong, and then the Rong Qin who called China the Barbarian Xia, not to mention that there are few cultural relics preserved in Shengguo.

Therefore, the "Poems" and "Books" that are seen now about the Western Zhou Dynasty should have other sources, and they must not be found in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty.So.Where is the source?I think, one is the Southern Kingdom, and the other is Lu.

Let me talk about the South China first.According to the above, there should be a relationship between Shaole and Zhao Gong, such as "Wu" to Wu Wang.

Since there is a chapter of Shao in "Ode", it is not unrelated to "Ode" and the Southern Kingdom.

As far as "Xiaoya" is concerned, when it comes to the names of places and people, many of them involve the southern country. "Out of the Chariot" records the Northern Expedition, and the person who led the Northern Expedition was Nan Zhong. This poem is the one who "turned back with thin words" after "Yu Yu Yi", as if the teacher who moved the south of the town thought it was the Northern Expedition. I don't know if Yin Jifu in "June" is the Yin in "Daya·Changwu".Fang Shu's Fang should be in the territory of the Western Zhou Dynasty, so when the tyrant invades, he will invade the pickaxe and Fang, and if he cuts down thinly, he will go to the city in Fang; "April" records "Roading Jianghan", "Zhanbi Luoyi" is also a poem of the Eastern Capital, "Drum Bell" has the words "Huaishui Huanghuang", and "Fish and Algae" has "The King is here" "Town", but this is the language of distant wishes. There are local poems in "Xiaoya", only the cuttings are related to the Western Zhou Dynasty, and the rest are in the Southern Kingdom or the Eastern Zhou Dynasty; except for the etiquette of meeting Yanxiang, most of the recorded events are from the family of that Zhou Dynasty. Declining, scholar-bureaucrats feel the words of scattered death and chaos.

"Daya" said that there are quite a lot of people who described Zhou Xiande and Ke Yin's meritorious deeds, but except for those who involved literature and martial arts, the names of places and people mentioned were all related to those who were related to the princes of the Southern Kingdom and the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. Zhongbo in "Song Gao", Zhaohu in "Jianghan", Nanzhong in "Changwu", and Zhong Shanfu in "City to the East" in "Zuomin" are all important figures in the southern kingdom; Han Hou, although he did not record his involvement in the southern state, but Han was also close to Luo, and only went to "Zhaomin". "Daya" from "Zhengmin" to the following is all about the southern country.

From this point of view, the spread of "Da Ya" and "Xiao Ya" must have a relationship with the Southern Kingdom.

"Daya" and "Xiaoya" are not all poems of the Western Zhou Dynasty, and there is definite internal evidence. "Jinyue" "Hehe Zong Zhou, Bao Si destroyed it"; "Yu Wuzheng" "Zhou Zong was destroyed", just like Yun Zong Zhou; From now on, it can be seen that "Daya" and "Xiaoya" are by no means all from the Western Zhou Dynasty.

Also like the facts mentioned in the previous section, the Southern Kingdom accounted for so much. If it came from the Western Zhou Dynasty, it would not be so biased towards the Southern Kingdom.Why should the documents of the 300 years of Zong and Zhou be partial to one corner of the Li and Xuan dynasties?In addition, the records of "Daya" and "Xiaoya" are confused. Judging from the meaning of the words, many of them are "sounds of mourning for a subjugated country", at least because of the political situation of two generations. Therefore, although these do not specify the southern land, they only It can be from the Southern Kingdom or the beginning of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty.

From these facts, we can conclude that many parts of "Daya" were handed down from the southern countries.As for the martyrs described in "Daya", the rites and music recorded in "Xiaoya" may have come from the Southern Kingdom, or from the Lu State, which preserved the most Zhou rites and music in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, or there may be some preserved in other countries in the early Spring and Autumn Period. Decision; but "Drum Bell" clearly states that "Guzhong Qinqin, Guzi and Guqin, Sheng and Qing have the same sound, and the south of Ya is the south of Ya, and the relationship between Ya and Nan is greater than ours. Those mentioned above.

The chapters of "Daya" and "Xiaoya", in terms of age, are collected in the Xuan, You, and Ping eras; in terms of places, so many are collected in the southern kingdoms of Xu and Huai; in terms of deeds, so many are collected in the southern lands. In terms of emotion, there are so many collections of political chaos and state destruction. If such a set is regarded as a relic of Zongzhou, it will be about 300 years since King Wen. Even if the first half of poetry is not developed, how can there be such a distribution?If it is considered that most of them came from the southern country, the strange situation of uneven distribution of local deeds in this era can be relieved.

"Zhou Nan" and "Zhao Nan" in "Wind" refer to the place of Ming Dynasty, let's see when and where it is a poem.

The place names in the second "South" include He, Ru, Jiang, and Han. The south does not cross the river, the north does not cross the river, and the west does not involve Qi Zhou. .

Two, the era in "South", there is the phrase "the grandson of King Ping" in the chapter "He Bilongyi", which proves that it is the first generation of the Spring and Autumn Period; It proves how many years later it was in "Zhaohu". Treat those in "Ya", "First Moon", "October", "Rain Without Zheng" and other articles in "Ya".

The relatives of "South" and "Ya" are so consistent. As for the similarities in the words and sentences, there are more similarities, and there are several sentences that are the same, such as "喓喓 grass insect, 趯趯螽. I have not seen a gentleman, and I am worried .When I see a gentleman, my heart will drop." See also "Xiaoya · Getting out of the car" and "Zhaonan · Grass and insects".

In addition, "Mao Xu"'s theory of "changing style" that "starts with passion and ends with etiquette and righteousness" is actually only available in the second "South". love poems.

Second, the function of "South" is actually somewhat different from that of other "Guofeng": first, the love poems in Second "South" are restrained except for "Wild and Dead Prow"; These poems are all among the common people, and have reached the environment and ideals of the scholar-bureaucrats; third, the chapters of the second "South", such as "Guanju" for the joy of marriage, "樛木" and "螽斯" for blessings The poems, "Taoyao" and "Magpie Nest" are the poems for sending off marriages, and they are all closely related to the system at that time. They are not like other poems singing love in "Guofeng", and most of them do not involve rituals and music.

(End of this chapter)