Poetry is innocent
Chapter 5 "Ode to Zhou"
Chapter 5 "Ode to Zhou" (3)
The rites and music of "Xiaoya" meet each other in Yanxiang, marry each other, praise and congratulate, etc.The rites and music in the second "South" are in the wedding preparations ("Cai Fan" and "Cai Ping") and the wedding ceremony, etc. The rites and music have different sizes, but they are all rites and music. "South" is different from "Feng" but similar to "Ya" because there are so many people, it can be believed that "South" and "Ya" should be based on the customs of a certain place.
Speaking of this, I can't help but ask what is going on in the southern country.
The first step in the prosperity of the Zhou family was to conquer the West, the so-called defeating those who worshiped Li.At this time, King Wen only resolved Yu Rui's lawsuit against Zhu Xia.The second step is to go east. King Wu only managed to punish Zhou, and Father Lu was still the owner of the merchants, and he only supervised Guan Cai Chongbing.When it came to the Duke of Zhou, it was true that Shang was destroyed, and Cao, Wei, Lu, Yan and other countries were granted.When he became king, he went north to exterminate the Tang Dynasty and named him Uncle Tang.
The earliest person who recorded the pioneering of the Southern Kingdom was "King Zhao's Southern Expedition Never Returned". There is no clear text to see what it looked like when it was in Chengkang. "Daya" and "Xiaoya" opened up various poems in the Southern Kingdom, and "Mao Xu" belonged to the time of King Xuan, but "Guoyu" contained many things about King Xuan who were not good songs. Lu Nan.King Li and King You both said that when it was the Warring States period, King Li was only strict and was chased by the people of the country. At that time, Zhou was still powerful, and it was very possible to call the King of Xiongqu away, or to mention King Li in various chapters of the Southern Expedition. By.
It must have been a long time since the founding of the southern kingdom by Zhou Zhi. As far as Jianghan in the south, the feudal concubines were wiped out when they reached the rise of Chu ("Zuo Zhuan": Hanyang concubines, the concubine of Chu is completely extinct). This is by no means a temporary event.
In the heyday of the Zhou Dynasty, a piece of new land was opened up, and it became an important place for colonial marches, and it was close to the Zhou Dynasty, so it could naturally develop culture.In this piece of land, there are those who directly belong to the royal family, and there are those who entrust the feudal lords. Those who directly belong to the royal family are called Zhou Nan, and those who enfeoff the feudal princes under Zhao Bo are called Zhao Nan. But because of Zhu Xia, some of his own creations are unavoidable.
As well as the Zong Zhou coup, these places were probably also affected. King Ping came to live in Luo with the crime of killing his father and king. Sheng.However, when Chu was not big, it could still maintain its cultural relics. In the last years of King Zhouzhuang, Chu became powerful, and the conquest of Shen became the successor, which made the people of Zhou garrison and resigned. Soon after, the two kings of Chu Wuwen almost wiped out the southern kingdom. The influence of the surname Ji in the Jianghan period was completely lost.
In the next 50 years, Chu forced China even more. Duke Huan of Qi called Bo to conquer Chu. Song Xiang, Lu Xi, and Jin Wen continued to deal with the persecution from the south. Using Yihe to assist Zhou's eastward migration, and once defeating Chu with Chong'er City Pu, the two events are equally important in the history of Zhou.
Zhou Zhizong died in Quanrong, and the feudal Southern Kingdom of Zhou was destroyed in Chu. The so-called Southern Kingdom’s lifespan ranged from the second half of the Western Zhou Dynasty to the sixth and seventy years after King Ping’s capital Luo, with a total history of more than 70 to 50 years.
The above paragraph is not a traction, but a collection of the texts of "Historical Records Zhou Benji", "Chu Family", "Twelve Princes List", "Zuo Zhuan", "Guoyu" and "Poetry".Since the explanation of Nanguo is a bit clearer, there is a fallacy that can be used to eliminate it, that is, the theory of Zhou and Zhao Fenbo, one left and one right, Shanxi and Shandong.
The Duke of Zhou proclaimed the king to destroy Yin. During the reign of King Wu and Cheng Wang, Zhao Gongshi was just a minister at that time, although it is not seen in the "Junshi" that it has anything to do with the Southern Kingdom.The opening of the Southern Kingdom started later. At that time, Bohu was called as the uncle of the Southern Kingdom.The Zhou family was in chaos, the Southern Kingdom was destroyed, and Zhao Bo's bequeathed love was still there. The decline of the Southern Kingdom can be clearly seen in "Zhou Nan", "Zhao Nan", Da and Xiao "Ya".After the death of Chu, the culture of southerners is especially called by the Central Plains, such as "The Analects of Confucius": "Southern people have words, but people are not permanent, so they cannot be witch doctors and believers." Another example is "The Doctrine of the Mean": "The strength of the south is also And the king lives in it.” When Mencius arrived, he regarded the south as Chu and slandered it, forgetting that it was a relic of cultural relics. People in the Eastern Jin Dynasty still called people from the Central Plains “remains of the former emperor.” After the Song and Qi Dynasties, the Han people in the north also called it So captive.As the relic of the Southern Kingdom, his contributions are also included in the population and poems.In the Qin Dynasty, Shaanxi was divided into two parts of China.Confucianists forgot the history, so they confused Zhao Gongshi and Zhao Bohu into one person, so that Duke Zhou of the Eastern Expedition and Zhao Bo of Pingnan were at the same time.Confucianists in the early Han Dynasty did not know the historical events. Sima Qian said: "Scholars all say that Zhou defeated Zhou and lived in Luoyi. In fact, it is not the case. King Wu camped it, and King Cheng envoy Zhaogong to live in Jiudingyan, and Zhou Fu's capital was Fenghao. When the dog army defeated King You, Zhou Nai moved eastward to Luoyi." The Western Zhou Dynasty and the Eastern Zhou Dynasty didn't know it, so they would naturally confuse Zhao Gongshi and Zhao Bohu.In the Warring States period, he created the "Oath of Shepherd" and added all the western and southern barbarians to his division. He didn't know that the people of Zhou praised his poems about King Wen, and they didn't dare to say these big words.
There is an article "Fu Xing" in "Book", which is not the same as other Zhou Shu, and the previous era could not meet the large number of Zhou Gongcheng Wang, and the latter could not receive the order of Marquis Wen, so the source is quite suspicious. In "Poetry", there are "Shengfu and Shen", both of which are "the style of the southern country".
Outside of the southern country, there must be many "poems" and "books" from the country of Lu.The relationship between the State of Lu and the Confucians, and the relationship between the Confucians and the Six Arts, could not be any closer.Confucianism in the early years of the Warring States period was mostly spread in all directions by the so-called seventy sons, and Confucianism in the early Han Dynasty almost all came from Qilu. These obvious facts are all later.
Let's see how "Poetry" and "Book" were popular in the early years.
In the second year of "Zuo Zhuan", Han Xuanzi, the envoy of the Marquis of Jin, came to hire him, read the books from the Taishi family, saw "Yi Xiang" and "Lu Chunqiu", and said: "The "Zhou Li" is all in Lu, and I know Zhou Gongzhi today. Virtue is the reason why Zhou is the king." There is a contradiction in this sentence, "Book" is used as a generic name, and "Jing" is said to be "Book", which is a later thing, and the era of Xiangzhao has not yet reached this point. In the "Analects of Confucius", "Book" is still used as the proper name of the so-called "Shangshu" in today's so-called "Shangshu", then the "Book" can only be seen from the so-called "Book of Zhou", but not "Yi Xiang" and "Lu Chunqiu".Also, "Yi" has the shallowest relationship with Confucianism and the state of Lu. "Classic Interpretations"), while the teaching of "Yi" can be seen in "The Scholars", and the function of "Yi" can be seen in "Zuo Zhuan", etc., are not related to Confucianism.It is the entry of "Yi" into Confucianism that should be a matter of the Han Dynasty (discussed separately), and has nothing to do with Duke Zhou. The comparison of "Spring and Autumn" to Zhou Gong is also a false theory of ancient literature, which has been identified in detail by predecessors.Here "see "Yi Xiang" and "Lu Chunqiu"" is obviously added when ancient literature scholars created "Zuo Zhuan" from "Guo Yu" to prove their ancient prose theory, but they don't know the same as the above text view The words in "Book" are contradictory.From this point of view, seeing "Yi Xiang" and "Lu Chunqiu", they should be joined by scholars of ancient literature.
The "Book of Zhou" handed down by Fu Sheng includes "Mu's Oath", "Hong Fan", "Jin Zong", "Da Gao", "Kang Gao", "Jiu Gao", "Zicai", "Zhao Gao", "Luo Gao", "Toast" and " Wuyi, Junshi, Duofang, Lizheng, Gu Ming, Fei Oath, Lu Xing, Wenhou Zhiming, and Qin Oath. After the "Oath of Mu" and "Hong Fan" came out, the texts were very inconsistent. "Oath of Mu" was already an idea of punishing the people and punishing crimes. It was completely different from the events of the Yin and Zhou Dynasties recorded in "Poetry". "Tang Oath" and "Gan Oath" both came out of the Warring States Period, making three oaths for three generations to affirm their theory of hanging people and punishing crimes. "Hong Fan" is a set of miscellaneous studies, like the catalog of "Lu Shi Chun Qiu". The first two articles of "Book of Zhou" are like this, while the latter part of "Fei Oath" has been verified by Mr. Yu Yongliang that it is not a time-honored thing, and it should be related to Duke Xi with "Song of Lu"; one article of "Lu Xing", above It has been said that it may have originated from the Southern Kingdom; "The Order of Marquis Wen" and "The Oath of Qin" are already in the Spring and Autumn Period, so there should be another source.In addition, because Qin was between the barbarians, it was difficult to spread his documents to the east of Heshan. I am afraid that this is the trace of Fu Sheng being Dr. Qin and passing on the "Book" by him.As for the twelve chapters in the middle, from "Jin Zong", "Da Gao" to "Li Zheng", they all talk about Zhou Gong's affairs between kings. From this, I can feel that ""Zhou Li" was in Lu, Zhou Gong's virtue, and Zhou's reason. King also".However, Han Xuanzi said that most of the "Book of Zhou" came from the evidence of Lu State.In addition, "Da Gao" is the beginning of Zhou Gong proclaiming Wang Dongzheng, and "Li Zheng" is the book of Zhou Gong to return the old to the government and become king. It all became the book of Duke Zhou. The "Book of Zhou" is so virtuous and respects the Duke of Zhou. Why is it that the word "Ya" and "Song" is not as good as the word Zhou Gong, and the "Poetry" and "Book" are the opposite?Moreover, only the party and descendants of the Duke of Zhou can say the words in "Jin Zong". In the 300 years of Zong Zhou, especially the words of Duke Zhou who lived in the East for several years cannot be the only one. There is no doubt that it came from Zong Zhou; and most of the "Book of Zhou" handed down by Fu Sheng came from Lu, even from the party and descendants of Duke Zhou, it is also credible.However, "Book of Zhou" is only Lu Shu. It entered the Warring States period and added a few articles from the beginning to the end. Some came from other sources, and some were created by Confucianists.
The one suspected of being Lu in "Poetry" is "Bin Feng".I have always believed that Bin should be in Qizhou, but now there are three things that make me have to change my belief that "Bin Wind" is from Lu.
[-]. It is impossible not to believe that "Jin Yu" was published by Lu State, but there is an article explaining "Owl" in "Jin Yu", which is very unreasonable. "Owl" was originally a poem about learning the language of birds, which is unique in Chinese literature, but in "Jin Yu", it is interpreted as Zhou Gong's management of Cai's affairs, which must be the most popular song in "Owl". There is a kind of coincidence between the land and the place where the "Jin Zong" was produced, and only then can such a "capability" be produced.
29. Xiang [-] of "Zuo Zhuan": "Mr. Wu came to hire... to sing "Bin" for him, saying: "It's so beautiful, it's fun and not lewd, it's the east of Duke Zhou!" Sure enough, the name of Duke Zhou is only in the poem. It can be seen here, and the sigh of the expedition in "Dongshan", and the wish of "I will not let my father come back here" are all in line with the scene of Duke Zhou's east.As for the words, sentences and plots in "July" are quite similar to "Ya" and "Song", it is also because Lu was originally a country that Zhou colonized in the East, and it should be reasonable for it to retain the old style of Zhou.
[-]. "Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals · Yinchu": "It is a song of breaking the axe, but it was originally Dongyin." Today's "Broken Axe" is in "Bin Feng". The reporter is the same, but the tone is that tone.
With these three proofs, "Bin Wind" is not from Bin, but from Xinbin, which was colonized by Zong Zhou in the East, and it should be established.As for "Ya" and "Song", it is unknown whether there are any ones who came from the state of Lu.
In addition to Nanlu and Lu, Song Dynasty is the place where "Poetry" and "Book" were produced.
Jizi's defense of North Korea is actually based on the fact that there was Liaodong when Xiangtu ("Shang Song": "Xiangtu is strong, there are cuts overseas."), so even though Zong Zhou died, he could still guard the eastern border, such as the southward migration of Jin and Song Dynasties , only because Liaodong culture is underdeveloped, but later I forgot this story.Weizi Chaozhou is actually the same as the clan of the surname Liu offering a talisman to Wang Mang. The so-called Yin has three benevolent people, and he actually came to accompany Bigan Jizi. It should be his descendant Song Guo.When Yin was subjugated, its territory was large and its power was also great. In the battle of Muye, "the journey of Yin and Shang will be like a forest", even though Zhou was killed, Wu Geng was still in the Shang Dynasty.And Zhou Gong lived in the east, and after three years of operation, he could destroy the business.After all, the stubborn people who moved to the Shang Dynasty could not refuse to sacrifice to the Yin Dynasty, and used some compliments to say that the virtue of the Shang Dynasty was the heart of Zhuxia.
Song didn't use a surname, nor did he have a title of title.In the custom of the Zhou Dynasty, men were called surnames and women were called surnames, but Zi was not a surname. Women in Song Dynasty used Zi as their title, which should have the same origin as the son of Jizi and the son of Gongzi.As for the words of the public, it was originally a general term for the princes and Zhou family officials, as recorded in "Poems" and "Books", and Hou Bozinan is a feudal title (this will not be described in detail).Therefore, the Song Dynasty was somewhat different from the princes in the establishment of the country, and some of the legacy must have been inherited from the former. However, the cultural relics of the Shang Dynasty were wiped out by the Zhou people several times.In the Spring and Autumn Period, the situation in China changed drastically. The Zhou family was equal to the subjugation of the country. The Central Plains had no powerful co-lords, and the Rong and Di invaded the south. , Qi Huan used these calls to do a lot of hegemony, and Song Xianggong followed him to restore his nationalism. "Ode to Shang" was completed at this time. If the last chapter "Yin Wu" directly talks about the cause of Xiang Gong's attack on Chu, this is an old theory of the three schools. People in Zhao and Song believed it. It is not old, but clear.
Since "Ode to Shang" is "Ode to Song", "Ode to Shang" must have been published in the Song Dynasty. If there is an element of Song in "Book", it should be found in "Book of Shang". "Tang Oath" is suspected to be written for those who slandered the people in the Warring States Period, but it is another matter; the three texts of "Pangeng" are not as ancient as "Zhou Gao", but more ancient than other Yu, Xia, Shang and Zhou books, and they are suspected to be from the Western Zhou Dynasty The Song people recalled the codes of the previous dynasties.If the three chapters of "Gao Zong Xun Ri", "Xi Bo Kan Li" and "Wei Zi" are based on words, they should be updated.Gaozong is the idol of what the Confucians call "three-year mourning". Xibo is called the King of Wen by the Song people. " never mentions the name Xibo, and there is absolutely no reason for Zhou people to call him this name. Umanzhou will never call his ancestor the commander of the Jianzhou Weidu.The relationship between the Yin and Zhou dynasties may be very similar to the relationship between the Ming Dynasty and the Qing court. The Ming Dynasty was already half dead, and they still said to the Qing Dynasty: "Your country used to be in the previous dynasty, and it was given a title for a long time. It was recorded in the League Mansion. Would you rather not hear about it?" ("" Shi Gebu’s Answer to Dorgon’s Book) Although the Qing captives had already engaged in war with China at the beginning, they did not dare to derogate the Ming Dynasty (it can be seen in the "Notice of Huang Taiji’s Invasion of the Ming Dynasty"), and it was not until his emperor Xuanye that he was sophistry , saying that "the right of the country is no more than the dynasty", and it is said that it is a foreign country.This can explain that the name of King Wen Xibo is different from Zhou and Song Dynasties, but "Xibo Kanli" is "Book of Song" again, and "Weizi" says that Weizi did not descend from Zhou to be the Duke of Shanyang and worship Lihou, but It is a recluse, which is also very similar to the taboo of the people of the Song Dynasty who were the founder of the country.From these perspectives, at least it can be assumed that most of the "Books of Shang" are "Books of Song".
In addition, there is another country that may have a lot to do with the "Poems" and "Books" handed down by Confucians, that is, the State of Wei.The capital of Wei State, which was occupied by Zhou, must have a high culture, and it is also a big country in the Zhou Zhizong Alliance. "The Analects of Confucius": "I defend myself against Lu, and then I am happy to be righteous, and each song has its own place." Or the people of Lu State in the Confucius era were very free, "Three families use Yongche", and they have to use the preservation of the State of Wei to correct the State of Lu. "Wind" also has Wei poems as the most, and "Wei Feng" is Beiyin. In "Lu Lan · The Beginning of Yin", the beginning of Beiyin is Yanyan Xiangfei, and now Yanyan is flying, in "Bei", "Yin" and "Wei".
With the death of the Western Zhou Dynasty, cultural relics followed, and the death of the South, and "the "Zhou Li" is all in Lu." "Three Hundred Poems" has already become a ready-made term during the time of Confucius, so its establishment must be before Confucius.
Although the name "Three Hundred" has been established, there are still some differences between what Confucius saw in the "Poetry" and what we see. , it can still be said that Confucius thought it was incomprehensible, "Thinking about the future, how far is the husband?", so he deleted it.However, it is like "smiling beautifully, looking forward to beautiful eyes", now when I see "Shuo Ren", there is no "suggesting that it is gorgeous" below. This is what Confucius paid attention to, and it is gone.
I don’t know if any scholars of ancient literature have changed the language of Wu Jizha recorded in Zuo Zhuan in Xiang 29. If it hadn’t been changed, the sub-narration of the Poetry during Wei Wenhou’s time was mostly the same as what we see now. "Mencius", "Xunzi", "Book of Rites" quotes "Poetry" are often different from what we see now, and some chapters are missing. I don't know if the title is different from the "Mao Shi" we see today or it is missing.
"Da Dai Ji · Touhu": "There are 26 pieces in "Ya", a total of eight can be sung, the songs "Luming", "Beaver Head", "Magpie's Nest", "Cai Fan", "Cai Ping", "Cutting Sandalwood", "Bai Ju" ", "Zou Yu." Several articles that are now in the second "South" are placed in "Ya"; "Fatan" is also in "Wei Feng", which is very strange.Mr. Wang Jing'an thinks that "Poetry" and "Le" have already been separated, which is probably true.If this is the case, the relationship between "Ya" and "South", in addition to the above mentioned, is another proof.
All in all, the collection of the various parts of the "Poetry" should have been completed before Confucius. The names of Ya, Song, Nan, and Zheng all appeared in the "Analects of Confucius".
"The Analects of Confucius" says that there are few "books". I am afraid that what Confucius saw were only the books of the Duke of Zhou passed down by the state of Lu, and perhaps some books of the Yin family passed down by the state of Song. All from "Shangshu".During the Warring States period, the "Shangshu" was greatly expanded, and the legend of Yu Xia, exposing the people and punishing crimes, and various ideals were moved in together. "The Great Oath" was always an important book handed down by Confucian scholars during the Warring States Period.Entering the Han Dynasty, Fu Sheng became the final version of 28 chapters; however, the real book and the fake book are always in trouble, and only the 28 characters on the head of the Qiliang People's Congress are in trouble.
The collection of "Poetry" was before Confucius, and after Confucius, there were only a few in and out.What we have said above allows people to imagine how the components of "Poems" and "Books" can be analyzed according to their location to prove their age. I also conclude that the six arts passed down by Confucians are the same as the chronology of the twelve princes, and are not superior to the republic.Qi was insufficient to conquer Xia, Song was insufficient to conquer Yin, and Luojing was insufficient to conquer Zhou.
Note: The above hastily discussed the composition of "Poetry" and "Book", and only talked about the outline. The detailed issues need to continue to examine materials and collect evidence.My friend Mr. Yu Yongliang recently said that the dialect is quite comparable to the Chinese language in "Poems" and "Books", and he is doing this work.If so, you will gain some knowledge that is much more certain than what has been described above.
(End of this chapter)
The rites and music of "Xiaoya" meet each other in Yanxiang, marry each other, praise and congratulate, etc.The rites and music in the second "South" are in the wedding preparations ("Cai Fan" and "Cai Ping") and the wedding ceremony, etc. The rites and music have different sizes, but they are all rites and music. "South" is different from "Feng" but similar to "Ya" because there are so many people, it can be believed that "South" and "Ya" should be based on the customs of a certain place.
Speaking of this, I can't help but ask what is going on in the southern country.
The first step in the prosperity of the Zhou family was to conquer the West, the so-called defeating those who worshiped Li.At this time, King Wen only resolved Yu Rui's lawsuit against Zhu Xia.The second step is to go east. King Wu only managed to punish Zhou, and Father Lu was still the owner of the merchants, and he only supervised Guan Cai Chongbing.When it came to the Duke of Zhou, it was true that Shang was destroyed, and Cao, Wei, Lu, Yan and other countries were granted.When he became king, he went north to exterminate the Tang Dynasty and named him Uncle Tang.
The earliest person who recorded the pioneering of the Southern Kingdom was "King Zhao's Southern Expedition Never Returned". There is no clear text to see what it looked like when it was in Chengkang. "Daya" and "Xiaoya" opened up various poems in the Southern Kingdom, and "Mao Xu" belonged to the time of King Xuan, but "Guoyu" contained many things about King Xuan who were not good songs. Lu Nan.King Li and King You both said that when it was the Warring States period, King Li was only strict and was chased by the people of the country. At that time, Zhou was still powerful, and it was very possible to call the King of Xiongqu away, or to mention King Li in various chapters of the Southern Expedition. By.
It must have been a long time since the founding of the southern kingdom by Zhou Zhi. As far as Jianghan in the south, the feudal concubines were wiped out when they reached the rise of Chu ("Zuo Zhuan": Hanyang concubines, the concubine of Chu is completely extinct). This is by no means a temporary event.
In the heyday of the Zhou Dynasty, a piece of new land was opened up, and it became an important place for colonial marches, and it was close to the Zhou Dynasty, so it could naturally develop culture.In this piece of land, there are those who directly belong to the royal family, and there are those who entrust the feudal lords. Those who directly belong to the royal family are called Zhou Nan, and those who enfeoff the feudal princes under Zhao Bo are called Zhao Nan. But because of Zhu Xia, some of his own creations are unavoidable.
As well as the Zong Zhou coup, these places were probably also affected. King Ping came to live in Luo with the crime of killing his father and king. Sheng.However, when Chu was not big, it could still maintain its cultural relics. In the last years of King Zhouzhuang, Chu became powerful, and the conquest of Shen became the successor, which made the people of Zhou garrison and resigned. Soon after, the two kings of Chu Wuwen almost wiped out the southern kingdom. The influence of the surname Ji in the Jianghan period was completely lost.
In the next 50 years, Chu forced China even more. Duke Huan of Qi called Bo to conquer Chu. Song Xiang, Lu Xi, and Jin Wen continued to deal with the persecution from the south. Using Yihe to assist Zhou's eastward migration, and once defeating Chu with Chong'er City Pu, the two events are equally important in the history of Zhou.
Zhou Zhizong died in Quanrong, and the feudal Southern Kingdom of Zhou was destroyed in Chu. The so-called Southern Kingdom’s lifespan ranged from the second half of the Western Zhou Dynasty to the sixth and seventy years after King Ping’s capital Luo, with a total history of more than 70 to 50 years.
The above paragraph is not a traction, but a collection of the texts of "Historical Records Zhou Benji", "Chu Family", "Twelve Princes List", "Zuo Zhuan", "Guoyu" and "Poetry".Since the explanation of Nanguo is a bit clearer, there is a fallacy that can be used to eliminate it, that is, the theory of Zhou and Zhao Fenbo, one left and one right, Shanxi and Shandong.
The Duke of Zhou proclaimed the king to destroy Yin. During the reign of King Wu and Cheng Wang, Zhao Gongshi was just a minister at that time, although it is not seen in the "Junshi" that it has anything to do with the Southern Kingdom.The opening of the Southern Kingdom started later. At that time, Bohu was called as the uncle of the Southern Kingdom.The Zhou family was in chaos, the Southern Kingdom was destroyed, and Zhao Bo's bequeathed love was still there. The decline of the Southern Kingdom can be clearly seen in "Zhou Nan", "Zhao Nan", Da and Xiao "Ya".After the death of Chu, the culture of southerners is especially called by the Central Plains, such as "The Analects of Confucius": "Southern people have words, but people are not permanent, so they cannot be witch doctors and believers." Another example is "The Doctrine of the Mean": "The strength of the south is also And the king lives in it.” When Mencius arrived, he regarded the south as Chu and slandered it, forgetting that it was a relic of cultural relics. People in the Eastern Jin Dynasty still called people from the Central Plains “remains of the former emperor.” After the Song and Qi Dynasties, the Han people in the north also called it So captive.As the relic of the Southern Kingdom, his contributions are also included in the population and poems.In the Qin Dynasty, Shaanxi was divided into two parts of China.Confucianists forgot the history, so they confused Zhao Gongshi and Zhao Bohu into one person, so that Duke Zhou of the Eastern Expedition and Zhao Bo of Pingnan were at the same time.Confucianists in the early Han Dynasty did not know the historical events. Sima Qian said: "Scholars all say that Zhou defeated Zhou and lived in Luoyi. In fact, it is not the case. King Wu camped it, and King Cheng envoy Zhaogong to live in Jiudingyan, and Zhou Fu's capital was Fenghao. When the dog army defeated King You, Zhou Nai moved eastward to Luoyi." The Western Zhou Dynasty and the Eastern Zhou Dynasty didn't know it, so they would naturally confuse Zhao Gongshi and Zhao Bohu.In the Warring States period, he created the "Oath of Shepherd" and added all the western and southern barbarians to his division. He didn't know that the people of Zhou praised his poems about King Wen, and they didn't dare to say these big words.
There is an article "Fu Xing" in "Book", which is not the same as other Zhou Shu, and the previous era could not meet the large number of Zhou Gongcheng Wang, and the latter could not receive the order of Marquis Wen, so the source is quite suspicious. In "Poetry", there are "Shengfu and Shen", both of which are "the style of the southern country".
Outside of the southern country, there must be many "poems" and "books" from the country of Lu.The relationship between the State of Lu and the Confucians, and the relationship between the Confucians and the Six Arts, could not be any closer.Confucianism in the early years of the Warring States period was mostly spread in all directions by the so-called seventy sons, and Confucianism in the early Han Dynasty almost all came from Qilu. These obvious facts are all later.
Let's see how "Poetry" and "Book" were popular in the early years.
In the second year of "Zuo Zhuan", Han Xuanzi, the envoy of the Marquis of Jin, came to hire him, read the books from the Taishi family, saw "Yi Xiang" and "Lu Chunqiu", and said: "The "Zhou Li" is all in Lu, and I know Zhou Gongzhi today. Virtue is the reason why Zhou is the king." There is a contradiction in this sentence, "Book" is used as a generic name, and "Jing" is said to be "Book", which is a later thing, and the era of Xiangzhao has not yet reached this point. In the "Analects of Confucius", "Book" is still used as the proper name of the so-called "Shangshu" in today's so-called "Shangshu", then the "Book" can only be seen from the so-called "Book of Zhou", but not "Yi Xiang" and "Lu Chunqiu".Also, "Yi" has the shallowest relationship with Confucianism and the state of Lu. "Classic Interpretations"), while the teaching of "Yi" can be seen in "The Scholars", and the function of "Yi" can be seen in "Zuo Zhuan", etc., are not related to Confucianism.It is the entry of "Yi" into Confucianism that should be a matter of the Han Dynasty (discussed separately), and has nothing to do with Duke Zhou. The comparison of "Spring and Autumn" to Zhou Gong is also a false theory of ancient literature, which has been identified in detail by predecessors.Here "see "Yi Xiang" and "Lu Chunqiu"" is obviously added when ancient literature scholars created "Zuo Zhuan" from "Guo Yu" to prove their ancient prose theory, but they don't know the same as the above text view The words in "Book" are contradictory.From this point of view, seeing "Yi Xiang" and "Lu Chunqiu", they should be joined by scholars of ancient literature.
The "Book of Zhou" handed down by Fu Sheng includes "Mu's Oath", "Hong Fan", "Jin Zong", "Da Gao", "Kang Gao", "Jiu Gao", "Zicai", "Zhao Gao", "Luo Gao", "Toast" and " Wuyi, Junshi, Duofang, Lizheng, Gu Ming, Fei Oath, Lu Xing, Wenhou Zhiming, and Qin Oath. After the "Oath of Mu" and "Hong Fan" came out, the texts were very inconsistent. "Oath of Mu" was already an idea of punishing the people and punishing crimes. It was completely different from the events of the Yin and Zhou Dynasties recorded in "Poetry". "Tang Oath" and "Gan Oath" both came out of the Warring States Period, making three oaths for three generations to affirm their theory of hanging people and punishing crimes. "Hong Fan" is a set of miscellaneous studies, like the catalog of "Lu Shi Chun Qiu". The first two articles of "Book of Zhou" are like this, while the latter part of "Fei Oath" has been verified by Mr. Yu Yongliang that it is not a time-honored thing, and it should be related to Duke Xi with "Song of Lu"; one article of "Lu Xing", above It has been said that it may have originated from the Southern Kingdom; "The Order of Marquis Wen" and "The Oath of Qin" are already in the Spring and Autumn Period, so there should be another source.In addition, because Qin was between the barbarians, it was difficult to spread his documents to the east of Heshan. I am afraid that this is the trace of Fu Sheng being Dr. Qin and passing on the "Book" by him.As for the twelve chapters in the middle, from "Jin Zong", "Da Gao" to "Li Zheng", they all talk about Zhou Gong's affairs between kings. From this, I can feel that ""Zhou Li" was in Lu, Zhou Gong's virtue, and Zhou's reason. King also".However, Han Xuanzi said that most of the "Book of Zhou" came from the evidence of Lu State.In addition, "Da Gao" is the beginning of Zhou Gong proclaiming Wang Dongzheng, and "Li Zheng" is the book of Zhou Gong to return the old to the government and become king. It all became the book of Duke Zhou. The "Book of Zhou" is so virtuous and respects the Duke of Zhou. Why is it that the word "Ya" and "Song" is not as good as the word Zhou Gong, and the "Poetry" and "Book" are the opposite?Moreover, only the party and descendants of the Duke of Zhou can say the words in "Jin Zong". In the 300 years of Zong Zhou, especially the words of Duke Zhou who lived in the East for several years cannot be the only one. There is no doubt that it came from Zong Zhou; and most of the "Book of Zhou" handed down by Fu Sheng came from Lu, even from the party and descendants of Duke Zhou, it is also credible.However, "Book of Zhou" is only Lu Shu. It entered the Warring States period and added a few articles from the beginning to the end. Some came from other sources, and some were created by Confucianists.
The one suspected of being Lu in "Poetry" is "Bin Feng".I have always believed that Bin should be in Qizhou, but now there are three things that make me have to change my belief that "Bin Wind" is from Lu.
[-]. It is impossible not to believe that "Jin Yu" was published by Lu State, but there is an article explaining "Owl" in "Jin Yu", which is very unreasonable. "Owl" was originally a poem about learning the language of birds, which is unique in Chinese literature, but in "Jin Yu", it is interpreted as Zhou Gong's management of Cai's affairs, which must be the most popular song in "Owl". There is a kind of coincidence between the land and the place where the "Jin Zong" was produced, and only then can such a "capability" be produced.
29. Xiang [-] of "Zuo Zhuan": "Mr. Wu came to hire... to sing "Bin" for him, saying: "It's so beautiful, it's fun and not lewd, it's the east of Duke Zhou!" Sure enough, the name of Duke Zhou is only in the poem. It can be seen here, and the sigh of the expedition in "Dongshan", and the wish of "I will not let my father come back here" are all in line with the scene of Duke Zhou's east.As for the words, sentences and plots in "July" are quite similar to "Ya" and "Song", it is also because Lu was originally a country that Zhou colonized in the East, and it should be reasonable for it to retain the old style of Zhou.
[-]. "Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals · Yinchu": "It is a song of breaking the axe, but it was originally Dongyin." Today's "Broken Axe" is in "Bin Feng". The reporter is the same, but the tone is that tone.
With these three proofs, "Bin Wind" is not from Bin, but from Xinbin, which was colonized by Zong Zhou in the East, and it should be established.As for "Ya" and "Song", it is unknown whether there are any ones who came from the state of Lu.
In addition to Nanlu and Lu, Song Dynasty is the place where "Poetry" and "Book" were produced.
Jizi's defense of North Korea is actually based on the fact that there was Liaodong when Xiangtu ("Shang Song": "Xiangtu is strong, there are cuts overseas."), so even though Zong Zhou died, he could still guard the eastern border, such as the southward migration of Jin and Song Dynasties , only because Liaodong culture is underdeveloped, but later I forgot this story.Weizi Chaozhou is actually the same as the clan of the surname Liu offering a talisman to Wang Mang. The so-called Yin has three benevolent people, and he actually came to accompany Bigan Jizi. It should be his descendant Song Guo.When Yin was subjugated, its territory was large and its power was also great. In the battle of Muye, "the journey of Yin and Shang will be like a forest", even though Zhou was killed, Wu Geng was still in the Shang Dynasty.And Zhou Gong lived in the east, and after three years of operation, he could destroy the business.After all, the stubborn people who moved to the Shang Dynasty could not refuse to sacrifice to the Yin Dynasty, and used some compliments to say that the virtue of the Shang Dynasty was the heart of Zhuxia.
Song didn't use a surname, nor did he have a title of title.In the custom of the Zhou Dynasty, men were called surnames and women were called surnames, but Zi was not a surname. Women in Song Dynasty used Zi as their title, which should have the same origin as the son of Jizi and the son of Gongzi.As for the words of the public, it was originally a general term for the princes and Zhou family officials, as recorded in "Poems" and "Books", and Hou Bozinan is a feudal title (this will not be described in detail).Therefore, the Song Dynasty was somewhat different from the princes in the establishment of the country, and some of the legacy must have been inherited from the former. However, the cultural relics of the Shang Dynasty were wiped out by the Zhou people several times.In the Spring and Autumn Period, the situation in China changed drastically. The Zhou family was equal to the subjugation of the country. The Central Plains had no powerful co-lords, and the Rong and Di invaded the south. , Qi Huan used these calls to do a lot of hegemony, and Song Xianggong followed him to restore his nationalism. "Ode to Shang" was completed at this time. If the last chapter "Yin Wu" directly talks about the cause of Xiang Gong's attack on Chu, this is an old theory of the three schools. People in Zhao and Song believed it. It is not old, but clear.
Since "Ode to Shang" is "Ode to Song", "Ode to Shang" must have been published in the Song Dynasty. If there is an element of Song in "Book", it should be found in "Book of Shang". "Tang Oath" is suspected to be written for those who slandered the people in the Warring States Period, but it is another matter; the three texts of "Pangeng" are not as ancient as "Zhou Gao", but more ancient than other Yu, Xia, Shang and Zhou books, and they are suspected to be from the Western Zhou Dynasty The Song people recalled the codes of the previous dynasties.If the three chapters of "Gao Zong Xun Ri", "Xi Bo Kan Li" and "Wei Zi" are based on words, they should be updated.Gaozong is the idol of what the Confucians call "three-year mourning". Xibo is called the King of Wen by the Song people. " never mentions the name Xibo, and there is absolutely no reason for Zhou people to call him this name. Umanzhou will never call his ancestor the commander of the Jianzhou Weidu.The relationship between the Yin and Zhou dynasties may be very similar to the relationship between the Ming Dynasty and the Qing court. The Ming Dynasty was already half dead, and they still said to the Qing Dynasty: "Your country used to be in the previous dynasty, and it was given a title for a long time. It was recorded in the League Mansion. Would you rather not hear about it?" ("" Shi Gebu’s Answer to Dorgon’s Book) Although the Qing captives had already engaged in war with China at the beginning, they did not dare to derogate the Ming Dynasty (it can be seen in the "Notice of Huang Taiji’s Invasion of the Ming Dynasty"), and it was not until his emperor Xuanye that he was sophistry , saying that "the right of the country is no more than the dynasty", and it is said that it is a foreign country.This can explain that the name of King Wen Xibo is different from Zhou and Song Dynasties, but "Xibo Kanli" is "Book of Song" again, and "Weizi" says that Weizi did not descend from Zhou to be the Duke of Shanyang and worship Lihou, but It is a recluse, which is also very similar to the taboo of the people of the Song Dynasty who were the founder of the country.From these perspectives, at least it can be assumed that most of the "Books of Shang" are "Books of Song".
In addition, there is another country that may have a lot to do with the "Poems" and "Books" handed down by Confucians, that is, the State of Wei.The capital of Wei State, which was occupied by Zhou, must have a high culture, and it is also a big country in the Zhou Zhizong Alliance. "The Analects of Confucius": "I defend myself against Lu, and then I am happy to be righteous, and each song has its own place." Or the people of Lu State in the Confucius era were very free, "Three families use Yongche", and they have to use the preservation of the State of Wei to correct the State of Lu. "Wind" also has Wei poems as the most, and "Wei Feng" is Beiyin. In "Lu Lan · The Beginning of Yin", the beginning of Beiyin is Yanyan Xiangfei, and now Yanyan is flying, in "Bei", "Yin" and "Wei".
With the death of the Western Zhou Dynasty, cultural relics followed, and the death of the South, and "the "Zhou Li" is all in Lu." "Three Hundred Poems" has already become a ready-made term during the time of Confucius, so its establishment must be before Confucius.
Although the name "Three Hundred" has been established, there are still some differences between what Confucius saw in the "Poetry" and what we see. , it can still be said that Confucius thought it was incomprehensible, "Thinking about the future, how far is the husband?", so he deleted it.However, it is like "smiling beautifully, looking forward to beautiful eyes", now when I see "Shuo Ren", there is no "suggesting that it is gorgeous" below. This is what Confucius paid attention to, and it is gone.
I don’t know if any scholars of ancient literature have changed the language of Wu Jizha recorded in Zuo Zhuan in Xiang 29. If it hadn’t been changed, the sub-narration of the Poetry during Wei Wenhou’s time was mostly the same as what we see now. "Mencius", "Xunzi", "Book of Rites" quotes "Poetry" are often different from what we see now, and some chapters are missing. I don't know if the title is different from the "Mao Shi" we see today or it is missing.
"Da Dai Ji · Touhu": "There are 26 pieces in "Ya", a total of eight can be sung, the songs "Luming", "Beaver Head", "Magpie's Nest", "Cai Fan", "Cai Ping", "Cutting Sandalwood", "Bai Ju" ", "Zou Yu." Several articles that are now in the second "South" are placed in "Ya"; "Fatan" is also in "Wei Feng", which is very strange.Mr. Wang Jing'an thinks that "Poetry" and "Le" have already been separated, which is probably true.If this is the case, the relationship between "Ya" and "South", in addition to the above mentioned, is another proof.
All in all, the collection of the various parts of the "Poetry" should have been completed before Confucius. The names of Ya, Song, Nan, and Zheng all appeared in the "Analects of Confucius".
"The Analects of Confucius" says that there are few "books". I am afraid that what Confucius saw were only the books of the Duke of Zhou passed down by the state of Lu, and perhaps some books of the Yin family passed down by the state of Song. All from "Shangshu".During the Warring States period, the "Shangshu" was greatly expanded, and the legend of Yu Xia, exposing the people and punishing crimes, and various ideals were moved in together. "The Great Oath" was always an important book handed down by Confucian scholars during the Warring States Period.Entering the Han Dynasty, Fu Sheng became the final version of 28 chapters; however, the real book and the fake book are always in trouble, and only the 28 characters on the head of the Qiliang People's Congress are in trouble.
The collection of "Poetry" was before Confucius, and after Confucius, there were only a few in and out.What we have said above allows people to imagine how the components of "Poems" and "Books" can be analyzed according to their location to prove their age. I also conclude that the six arts passed down by Confucians are the same as the chronology of the twelve princes, and are not superior to the republic.Qi was insufficient to conquer Xia, Song was insufficient to conquer Yin, and Luojing was insufficient to conquer Zhou.
Note: The above hastily discussed the composition of "Poetry" and "Book", and only talked about the outline. The detailed issues need to continue to examine materials and collect evidence.My friend Mr. Yu Yongliang recently said that the dialect is quite comparable to the Chinese language in "Poems" and "Books", and he is doing this work.If so, you will gain some knowledge that is much more certain than what has been described above.
(End of this chapter)
You'll Also Like
-
Becoming a God Starts From Planting a Bodhi Tree
Chapter 280 1 hours ago -
Global Mining
Chapter 537 2 hours ago -
The system is very abstract, fortunately I am also
Chapter 173 2 hours ago -
The Secret of the Goddess
Chapter 224 2 hours ago -
Bone King: Welcome the Birth of the King
Chapter 201 2 hours ago -
Alien Hotel
Chapter 190 2 hours ago -
Live: Proving the infinite multiverse at the beginning
Chapter 601 2 hours ago -
I'm a priest, it's reasonable for me to have a little more health and healing.
Chapter 383 11 hours ago -
Honghuang: Wu clan soldiers, plundering entries begin to rise
Chapter 125 11 hours ago -
This pirate is actually a sixth-rate
Chapter 170 11 hours ago