Poetry is innocent

Chapter 6 "Daya"

I am afraid that the precepts of elegance will no longer have the correct meaning

Since Han Confucianism, there have been many interpretations of the meaning of the word "Ya".But none of them can make people feel relieved.Mr. Zhang Taiyan wrote "Theory of "Da Ya" and "Xiao Ya", taking the meaning of "the elegant man governs" in the "Mao Preface". The theory of "zuo" in "Spring and Autumn" thinks that elegant characters are scripted characters. Although there is some linguistic traction, there is no definitive evidence for it.And Zhang Jun said that the next chapter quoted a saying:

"Shipu" says: "You and the king of Shang are not elegant." However, those who call elegance come from Zhou.Zhou and Qin were in the same place, and Li Si said: "The one who hits the urn and knocks the fou, plays the zither and beats the legs, and calls Wuwu Kuai's ears is the real Qin voice." Yang Yun said: "My family is from Qin, and I can be Qin voice. Look up to the sky and hold the fou, and call Wuwu." "Shuowen": "Ya, Chuwu also." Yawugu said in the same voice, like geese and ducks, and ducks and ducks!The great and the small are elegant, and their voices in the early Qin Dynasty are dark and dark. Although the writing is based on the family of festivals, their names have not changed, and it is not their origin to be elegant.

This statement is probably the most interesting one in comparison (whose origin of this statement has not yet been tested). "Xiaoya·Drum Bell", "Ya to the south", this poem should be sung by Nanguo, Nan is a place name, or the word Ya also has a local character, or the sound of Yongzhou flows into Nanguo and it is called Ya, Nanguo The joy of popularization among the people is called Nan, which is also unknown.But now we have not found definite and unshakable evidence, and the explanation of Yazi is reserved for further examination. (It is not easy to know how to interpret the elegant words in "The Analects of Confucius" "the elegant words of the son, and the etiquette of the poems and books".)
The Era of "Daya"
The era of "Daya" has a strong internal evidence.Ji Fu was contemporaneous with Zhong Shanfu, Shen Bo, and Fu Hou, which can be proved by "Song Gao" and "Zhi Min". "Song Gao" was written by Jifu to come to Shen Bo, and his death chapter said: "Ji Fu wrote a eulogy, his poems are Kong Shuo, and his style is good, so I give it to Shen Bo." Zhongshanfu's death chapter said: "Jifu's chanting is like a breeze, and Zhongshanfu will always cherish his heart to comfort his heart." As for when Zhongshanfu was from, it has to be clearly stated in "Zhemin": "Four males Peng Peng, eight Luan Qiang Qiang. The king ordered Zhong Shanfu, the city is opposite to the east. Four males 骙檙, eight Luan 喈喈. Zhong Shan Fu Qi Qi, style Tren its return." "Historical Records Qi Family":
Gai Taigong died more than a hundred years ago (according to the year, it should be regarded as the age, Fu said that the Grand Duke was more than a hundred years old when he died), and his son Ding Gong Lu Jili.Ding Gong died, and Zi Yi was established.Duke Yi died, and his son, Guigong, was established by his loving mother.Gui Gong died, and his son Ai Gong was not established in the next day (according to, before Ai Gong used the Yin system for the posthumous posthumous title of Qi Hou, it is not credible to say that the fifth generation of "Tan Gong" was reckless in Zhou Dynasty).During the time of Duke Ai, Ji Houqian ruled Zhou, and Zhou cooked to mourn Duke and established his younger brother Jing as Duke Hu.Hu Gong migrated to Bogu, and when he was the king of Zhou Yi, the same mother and younger brother of Ai Gong complained to Hu Gong, and he and his party led Yingqiu people to attack and kill Hu Gong to stand on their own, in order to dedicate themselves to the public.In the first year of Xiangong, he expelled Mr. Hu and ruled Linzi because he moved to Bogu.In the ninth year, Xian Gong died, and Zi Wu Gong lived.In the ninth year of Duke Wu, King Li of Zhou fled to Yu, and the royal family was in turmoil for ten years. The minister was in charge of administration, and the name was the Republic. In the 24th year, King Xuan of Zhou was first established. In the 26th year, Duke Wu died, and Duke Li Wuji was established.Duke Li was tyrannical, so Mr. Hu returned to Qi, and the people of Qi wanted to establish him, so they attacked and killed Mr. Hu, and Mr. Hu died in battle.The Qi people made Li Gongzi Chi the king, who was Wen Gong, and 70 people killed Li Gong.

By the way, King Li was established for more than 18 years, and then he left to run away, and the next year was the first year of the Republic.The ninth year of Duke Xian, and the ninth year of Lord Wu were [-] years, so the year of Lord Xian was in the reign of King Li, and Hu Gong moved to Bogu, the capital of King Yi, or at the beginning of King Li.Zhou Li Hugong, Hugong moved to Bogu; then Zhongshan just ordered Qi to take the city to the east, and at this time, this is the matter.When Xiangong moved to Linsu, he killed Duke Hu who was established by Zhou, and Zhou might not be transformed into the city of Linsu. "Mao Zhuan" used "the city is to the east" as "going to Bogu and moving to Linsu".However, these two things are also very close. It was not during the time of King Yi, that is, at the beginning of King Li. Besides, there was no matter of moving the capital of Qi, that is, we could not use other things as Qi, the city of Zhongshanfu.From this point of view, it is obvious that Zhong Shanfu was a man of the time of King Li.

"Guoyu" records that Duke Wu of Lu met King Xuan with Kuohe opera, Wang Lixi opera, and Zhong Shanfu admonished him.The establishment of Yigong Opera was in the 13th year of King Xuan. Wang Lixi was the heir of Lu before him. Zhong Shanfu and King Xuan were veterans in the early years. (Zhong Shanfu also remonstrated with King Xuan of Liumin. The current edition of Guoyu is not dated.) It is clear when Zhong Shanfu was born, and the era of Ji Fu and Shen Bo who joined the court with Zhong Shanfu is also clear. His poems should also be in the time of King Li of Yi.

This type of poem is not postscript at all, and it can be asserted in terms of textual meaning and function. The poem "Zuomin" is to send Zhongshanfu on a journey together, so it is said: "Zhongshanfu will go to Qi, and he will return in style. Jifu recites it like a breeze, and Zhongshanfu will always cherish his heart to comfort his heart." This is really true. We have seen the earliest gift-answer poems.

Jifu was at the same time as Zhongshanfu, Jifu was at the same time as Shenbo, Shenbo was also called Fuhou at the same time, and he was ordered by the king with Zhaohu (see "Song Gao" for both). And Xuan, these people are probably the ministers of the republic administration.That is to say, Mu Gonghu once hid King Xuan in his palace during the Yi Rebellion, and died on behalf of his offspring. The era is even more obvious.

Therefore, an article in "Jianghan" can be in the Li Dynasty or the Xuan Dynasty, and the king among them can be the Li King and the Xuan King.King Li once took away the title of King of Chu, and then he conquered the north and conquered the city, conquered the city, and Huaiyi came to help. People from the South.

Some of the ostentatious poems in the big and small "Ya" can be written in the time of Xuan, some can be set in the time of Li, and some can be written in the time of King Yi. Since it is so obvious, why is it that "Mao Xu" is all added to King Xuan?It is said that this is because too much attention is paid to the order of the "Poems": the first ones that were injured were returned to King Li, the later ones that were injured were returned to King You, and the middle section of the poems that showed power and power were returned to King Xuan.I don't know that even though the royal family was in chaos during the reign of King Li, the order of the "Poems" seen today must not be completely followed.That is to say, in "Xiaoya·January" it is said that "the great Zhou Dynasty, Bao Si destroyed it", and in "October" it is said that "Zhou Zong is destroyed". ", most of them turned into the King of Ciyou, and took all the poems and blessings of songs and music as the King of Ciyou.As usual, every time the ancient books are moved forward, the big and small "Ya" are moved back. This is all because the order of "Poetry" is mistakenly taken as the order of the time.

The End of Daya
"Daya" begins with "Wen Wang" and ends with "Zhan Ying" and "Zhao Min".

"Zhanying" is about the rebellion of King You, and "Zhaomin" is about the prosperity of saying that the territory is shrinking and the government is opening up the southern service. The age of these two articles is obvious.Poems of this type cannot be memorized.

As for the several chapters of "Wen Wang", "Da Ming", "Mian", "Si Qi", "Huang Yi", "Xia Wu", "Wen Wang You Sheng", "Sheng Min" and "Gong Liu", some of them are obviously postscript.Some of them are not obviously postscripts, but comparing them with the words in the "Ode to Zhou" that doesn't use rhyme, we can see that these chapters in "Da Ya" must be even later than those in "Ode to Zhou".For example, the chapters of "Dawu" and "Qingmiao" can reach Chengkang, and the poems of "Daya" should reach the middle season of the Western Zhou Dynasty at the earliest.

"Daya" has called Shang a great merchant, and it says: "Yin Zhi has not lost his teacher, and he can match God." It is not the words of "obeying the time and obscurity" (that is, "being weak and ignorant") in "Zhou Song" , It is a peaceful coexistence with Zhuxia.Also, Zhou's mother came from Yin and Shang, and the Yin scholars sacrificed naked to Zhou, and they all took pride in it, so the hostility with Kang was gone.As far as the first article of "Dang", it is actually for learning from oneself, and the last sentence has already explained itself.

"Daya" did not begin in the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty, but ended at the end of the early Western Zhou Dynasty. Most of them are chapters in the second half of the Western Zhou Dynasty. "Mencius" said: "The trace of the king dies and the "Poetry" dies, and the "Poem" dies and then the "Spring and Autumn" is written." It is inconsistent to include "Guo Feng"; Ya" theory, this is the so-called trace of the king, but it is really good.

"Daya" ended in the time of King Ping, and there were poems of King Ping in it, while "Spring and Autumn" began in the year of Lu Yin's first year, which was also in the 49th year of King Zhengping.

Category of "Daya"
"Daya" was originally made for music, so the categories of the chapters in "Daya" should be determined by the categories of music. We don't know these categories now.If we use the nature of words to classify music, I am afraid it will be impossible to understand.But there is nothing we can do now, and in terms of the differences between the things mentioned, it may be possible to raise eyebrows by analyzing the types of "Daya".

A. Shude

The nine chapters "Wen Wang", "Da Ming", "Mian", "Si Qi", "Huang Yi", "Xia Wu", "Wen Wang You Sheng", "Sheng Min" and "Gong Liu" all describe the ancestors of the Zhou Dynasty.These can't be some very early articles, the chapters and sentences are neat, and the words are not difficult. Compared with "Zhou Song", I suddenly feel that the times are different.Also known as the Dao Shang Kingdom, there is no hostility at all, and it is an honor to introduce itself as the nephew of the Shang family. This must have been done after the pacification of China for a long time and complete assimilation with Zhu Xia.Such words about Zude often contain some warning meaning, such as "Wen Wang".There is also an article "Emperor God", where King Wen saw gods and ghosts, and he was the most thoughtful narrator of "Ordained", just like a text from the Jewish "Old Testament".

B. Chengli

The words of ceremony are the most in "Xiaoya". In "Daya", there are "棫PU", "Hanlu", "Lingtai", "Xingwei", "Jizui", "Fuji", "Fake Music", "Dongzhuo" and "Xiaoya". Juan A" nine chapters.

C. Warning

There are four chapters on "Minlao", "Ban", "Dang" and "Suppression".It is not necessary that this kind of thing happened after the Zhou Dynasty was in turmoil, and every chapter in the "Zhou Gao" is definitely a warning.

D, weighing cutting

"Song Gao", "Zhi Min", "Han Yi", "Jiang Han" and "Chang Wu" are all carried forward, and those who describe their merits are called conquerors. Only one of "Chang Wu" is called Zhou Wang, and the rest are all recited by Zhou ministers.

E. The sound of mourning

The four chapters of "Sangrou", "Yunhan", "Zhanying" and "Zhaomin" are all words of mourning.Among them, "Zhaomin" is obviously a language after the eastward migration, and the country is hundreds of miles away. "Zhanying" should be a poem of King You's time, so it is called "The Philosopher's Wife Falls into the City". The poem only talks about political chaos, not the death of the country. In "Sang Rou", "Zuo Zhuan" thinks that Rui Bo's attack on the king should be Liu Xin's addition.It is said that "the country will not be destroyed", and it is said that "destroy me and establish the king". They are all the political images of the last king of You and the beginning of the king of Ping. Although the king of Li fled, the royal family is still strong; Not deaf. An article in "Yun Han" may also be the afterword of the eastward migration. After the soldiers, there will be an inauspicious year, so it is said: "The sky is in chaos, famine and famine are recommended." Among them, it is also said that "the famine will be reduced, and the four countries will be cut down", so "Yun Han" may be a simultaneous poem with "October Friendship".

(End of this chapter)