University · Moderate

Chapter 52
The teaching of the university is also that when teaching, there must be a proper job, and when you retire, you must have a residence.If you don’t learn manicure, you can’t play strings; if you don’t learn Boyi, you can’t play poetry; if you don’t learn miscellaneous clothes, you can’t play rituals; if you don’t enjoy arts, you can’t enjoy learning.Therefore, a gentleman's learning is also about hiding, cultivating, resting, and wandering.Furan, therefore, to be safe with his studies and to be close to his teachers, to be happy with his friends and to believe in his way, so even though he is away from the teacher's assistance, he does not turn against him. "Dui Ming" said: "Respect Sun Wu Shimin, Juexiu is here ③." What does this mean!

【Note】

① Man: Yinman.

② According to: sound to.

③ Jue: sound decision.

【Translation】

In university education, there must be formal courses for teaching according to the time, and there must be review assignments after class breaks.You cannot play the piano properly without learning the basic skills of manipulating the strings.Poetry cannot be properly understood without learning a wide range of metaphors.One cannot salute properly without learning the shapes, uses and appearances of various dresses and swallow clothes.If you don't like the various skills in the course, you can't arouse your interest in learning.Therefore, for academic knowledge, a gentleman should accumulate and practice, appreciate it when working and resting, and practice it when he has nothing to do.This is the only way to be able to study with peace of mind and be close to teachers, be friendly to students and firmly believe in righteousness.Therefore, even if you leave your teachers, teachers and students, you will not violate morality. "Shangshu Dui Ming" said: "Respectfully and humbly devote ourselves to timely and diligent learning, and the results of their studies can come." This is what it is talking about! 【original】

Today's educators are groaning at the end of their occupations, they are too much to talk about, and they are too concerned about their safety. ④.Fu Ran, therefore concealing his learning and neglecting his teacher, suffers from difficulties but does not know its benefits.Although it is the end of its career, it must go quickly.Teaching is not punished, the reason for this!
【Note】

① Accounting: sound mix, pass target.

②Number: sound millet, through speed.

③ Paradox: the back of the sound.

④Buddha: Sound floating.

【Translation】

People who teach today only know how to recite textbooks, add more explanations, and strive to speed up the progress regardless of whether it is safe or not.Treating students does not start from sincerity, and teaching students cannot try to target students' material.The measures are anti-feeling and unreasonable, and the requirements are surly and perverted.In this way, students hate learning and loathe the teacher, worry about learning difficulties, and don't know the benefits of learning; even if they barely finish their homework, they will lose it quickly.This is the reason for the failure of education! 【original】

The law of the university is called Yu when it is not developed, and when it can be called, it is called Sun when it is not mausoleum, and it is called Mo when it is seen and good.These four are the source of teaching.

【Translation】

The educational method of the university: prohibiting evil thoughts through education before they occur is called prevention; teaching when students can receive education is called timely; teaching does not exceed the learning stage of students is called sequential; organizing students to interact with each other Observing learning methods and achievements, thereby absorbing the advantages of others, is called observation.These four items are the reasons for the prosperity of education. 【original】

If you send out and then ban it, you will lose your character; if the time passes and you learn, you will be hardworking and difficult; His teacher; Yan Bi abolished his learning.These six are the reason why teaching is abolished.

【Note】

① defend: sound sweat.

②Pi: Sound analogy, common addiction.

【Translation】

If crimes have already occurred and then are prohibited, then education will be incompatible and unable to overcome evil; if the school period is over, and then to study, then it will be quite laborious and difficult to achieve; teaching in disorder and not following the schedule will destroy the foundation of knowledge. Systematic and uncontrollable; studying alone without fellow students to discuss and communicate with each other will inevitably lead to ignorance; making undecent friends will violate the teacher's teachings; getting bad habits will waste one's studies.These six items are the reasons for the failure of education. 【original】

A gentleman not only knows how to teach, but also knows how to abolish it, and then he can be a teacher.Therefore, the teachings and metaphors of a gentleman are also that the way is free but restrained, strong but restrained, open and free.If the Tao is free from tension, it will be harmonious; if it is strong but free from restraint, it will be easy;And Yi Yisi, it can be said to be good at metaphor.

【Note】

① Road: The tone is reversed, and it leads.

② strong: sound grab.

【Translation】

A gentleman knows not only why education flourishes, but also why education is neglected, and only then can he be a teacher.Therefore, the gentleman's teaching is to understand others, to guide without forcing, to encourage without suppressing, to inspire without directly expressing.If you guide without being forced, you will naturally have a gentle attitude; if you encourage without suppressing, you will naturally be easy-going; if you inspire without expressing directly, you will naturally lead people to think.Gentle, easy and thought-provoking, it can be called good at explaining. 【original】

Scholars have four mistakes, and teachers must know them.Human learning is also, if you lose, you will have more, if you lose, you will be few, if you lose, you will be easy, if you lose, you will stop.These four are different from each other.Know his heart, and then he can save his loss.Those who teach are also those who are good and save those who are lost.

【Translation】

Those who learn may have four faults, those who teach must know.When people study, some people's fault is that they are too much, and they can't eat too much; Satisfy the status quo without seeking improvement.These four people have different mental states.Understand their state of mind, and then you can save them from their mistakes.The so-called education is to promote the students' merits and save the students' faults. 【original】

Those who are good at singing make people follow their voices, and those who are good at teaching make people follow their aspirations.His words are also generalized, subtle but precious, and similes are rare, which can be described as continuing ambitions.

【Note】

① Zang: Dirty sound.

【Translation】

Those who are good at singing can make people willing to imitate and continue their singing; those who are good at teaching can make people willing to learn and continue their aspirations.The teacher's language is simple but understandable, subtle and perfect, with few metaphors but clear meanings, which can be said to enable people to inherit his ambitions. 【original】

A gentleman knows the difficulty of learning, and knows its beauty and evil, and then he can explain it extensively, and then he can become a teacher, who can be a teacher, and then he can become a teacher, and who can be an expert, and then he can be a king.Therefore, the teacher is also the one, so learning is the king.Therefore, one must not be careless in choosing a teacher. "Records" said: "Three kings and four generations are the only teachers." This is what it means.

【Translation】

A gentleman knows the depth and difficulty of entering a school, and at the same time knows the quality of the students' aptitude, good and bad, and then can make a wide range of explanations for different stages and different students.Be able to understand widely before you can be a teacher, be able to be a teacher before you can be an officer, be able to be an officer before you can be a ruler.Teacher's morality and Jun's morality are interlinked.Therefore, teachers are used to learn to be a monarch, so you must not be careless in choosing a teacher.It is said in ancient books: "Xia, Shang, Zhou Wang Shangjia and Yu Dynasty are the four generations, all of which regard teachers as the most important." That's what it means! 【original】

The way of learning is difficult for strict teachers.The teacher is strict and then the Tao is respected, and the Tao is respected and then the people know and respect the learning.Therefore, there are two reasons why a monarch does not serve his ministers. When he is a corpse, he is a minister, and when he is a teacher, he is a minister.Although the ceremony of the university is ordered to the emperor, there is no north, so the teacher is also respected.

【Translation】

The most difficult thing to do in general learning rules is to respect the teacher.When teachers are respected, then knowledge and righteousness are respected; when knowledge and righteousness are respected, then people know how to take learning seriously.Therefore, there are two situations in which the monarch does not treat his courtiers in the same way as he treats his courtiers: one is to ask the courtiers to act as the gods in the sacrifice, and not to treat him as a courtier; the other is to treat the courtiers as teachers. Don't treat him like a courtier.The etiquette of the university stipulates that when the emperor comes to inspect the school, even if the teacher lectures to the emperor, he will not face the north.This etiquette is used to respect the teacher. 【original】

A good scholar, the teacher is lazy and gets twice the effort, and then he is mediocre; a bad scholar, the teacher is diligent and half the effort, and then he complains.Those who are good at inquiring are like attacking a hard wood. Those who are easy to change first, then the program, and how long it takes, talk to each other to solve it; those who are not good at inquiring are the opposite.Those who are kind to questions are like ringing a bell. If you knock small enough, it will ring softly;This is the way to learn.

【Note】

① phase: sound fragrance.Said: Yintuo, Tongtuo.

【Translation】

For those who are good at learning, the teacher is easy and the effect is doubled, and the students attribute it to the teacher; for those who are not good at learning, the teacher works hard but the effect is only half, and the students blame the teacher.People who are good at asking questions are like cutting down a big hard tree. First cut down the easy places, and finally cut down the places with rough texture. After a long time, the roots will naturally break down and decompose; people who are not good at asking questions do just the opposite.People who are good at answering questions are like a bell that is struck. If you hit it lightly, the sound will be quiet, but if you hit it hard, the sound will be louder. The practice is exactly the opposite.These are all ways to improve knowledge. 【original】

The study of remembering questions is not enough to be a teacher.It must be listening to the language!You can't ask about your strength, and then talk about it; if you talk about it without knowing it, you can give it up.

【Note】

① language: verb, phonetic education.The same below.

【Translation】

I don't have any experience and insights, just memorize some problem materials in advance, and then explain it to the students. This kind of knowledge is not qualified to be a teacher.If you must speak, you must listen to the students' questions before speaking.The students looked suspicious and were unable to ask questions, so they could speak directly.After explaining and explaining, the students still do not understand, which shows that their current level is still low, so it is okay to ignore this issue for the time being. 【original】

The son of Liang Ye must learn to be a fur, the son of Liang Gong must learn to be a dustpan, and those who are new to riding a horse must learn the opposite, and the chariot is in front of the horse.A gentleman observes these three, and he can aspire to learn.

【Translation】

The son of an excellent blacksmith must first learn to mend animal skins to make furs.The blacksmith smelts iron and mends broken objects to make them sound.It is easier for his children to practice patchwork skills first, and then learn to mend ironware by embedding skins into furs.The son of an excellent bowmaker, he must first learn to soften wicker to weave a dustpan.Bow makers softly bend bamboo and wood to make bows, and their children make dustpans by softening willow sticks. It is easier to learn to make bows after first practicing the kneading technique.For a pony who has just learned to drive, first tie it behind the carriage and put the cart in front of the pony, let the pony go with the carriage, and gradually adapt. After a long time, let it drive again, and it will not panic.A gentleman observes these three things and understands the principle of step-by-step and step-by-step, and he can aspire to learn it. 【original】

Ancient scholars are uglier than things.Drums are not equal to the five tones, and the five tones are not in harmony; water is not equal to the five colors, and the five colors are not disordered; learning is not equal to the five senses, and the five senses cannot be cured; Dear.

【Note】

①Dang: To make a sound, to make a sound.The same below.

【Translation】

Ancient scholars were able to compare and classify things, and with comprehensive induction, they learned naturally and deeply.The drum sound is not equivalent to any of the Gongshangjiao Zhengyu's five tones. However, if the five tones are played, there will be no harmony if there is no drum adjustment.Water is not equivalent to any of the five colors of blue, yellow, red, white, and black, but the five colors match each other. If there is no water to dissolve them, the colors will not be vivid.Scholars are not equivalent to any of Situ, Zongbo, Sima, Sikou, and Sikong. However, if any official has no knowledge, his official affairs will not be well managed.Teachers are not equivalent to any relatives in the Five Fus of Zhan Shui, Qi Shui, Da Gong, Xiao Gong, and Shu Ma. 【original】

The gentleman said: Great virtue is not an official, the great way is not a weapon, the great faith is not agreed, and the great time is not consistent.Observing these four, you can be interested in learning.

【Note】

①Study: Sun Xidan's "Book of Rites Collection" and Zhu Bin's "Book of Rites Xun Zhuan" all refer to the word "book".

【Translation】

The gentleman said: "Great talents and virtues can not only govern a kind of official affairs, great principles can not only cover one kind of things, great trust does not need to be reflected in writing contracts, great weather, warm in spring, hot in summer, cool in autumn and cold in winter, Not all the same. Observing these four situations, we can look at the big picture and focus on learning.” 【Original】

The sacrifices to the river by the three kings all started with the river and then went to the sea, either at the source or at the commission.This is called the book of business.

【Translation】

When the kings of Xia, Shang, and Zhou dynasties offered sacrifices to rivers and rivers, they sacrificed to the river first and then to the sea. One was the source of the water flow, and the other was the place where the water flow converged.

Collection of Le Ji 【Original】

The origin of all sounds is born from the heart.The heart moves, and things make it happen.Feelings are moved by objects, so shapes are formed by sounds.The sound corresponds to ①, so it changes and becomes a square, which is called sound.Comparing the sound and enjoying it ②, and Gan Qi Yuyan ③, it is called the music ④.

【Note】

① Answer: The sound is hard.

② ratio: sound must.

③旄: sound hair. ④ Music: Yinyue.All the following music characters that are not marked with pronunciation are all Yinyue.

【Translation】

The rise of Fanyin is caused by the human heart.The activities of the human mind are caused by external things.The human heart moves with the perception of external things, so it is expressed in sound.The sound responds to each other, and there is a change.The change forms a certain way, which is called "sound".Playing with musical instruments in parallel with syllables, and dancing with shields, axes, pheasant tails, and oxtails, is called "music". 【original】

For musicians, the source of sound is that it is based on the feeling of the human heart and the things.Therefore, those who feel sad, their voices are to kill①, those who feel joyful②, their voices are slow to bleat③; those who are happy, their voices are scattered; those who are angry, their voices are rough The voice is sharp; if it is respectful, its voice is straight and honest; if it is loving, its voice is soft and gentle.The sixth is non-sexuality, and it moves after feeling the object.That's why the former Wang Shen felt it.Therefore, etiquette is based on Dao’s aspirations, joy is used to harmonize one’s voice, government is based on one’s conduct, and punishment is used to prevent adultery.Ritual, music, punishment and government are extremely unified, so they govern the way out of the people's will.

【Note】

①噍: Sound focus.Kill: Sound sun.

②Music: Music Le.

③咩: Sound production.

④ Road: Tongdao.

【Translation】

Music is produced by sound, and its root lies in the human mind's perception of external things.People who feel sad in their hearts make their voices anxious and weak; people who feel joy in their hearts make their voices broad and slow; people who feel joy in their hearts make their voices melodious and melodious. If there is a feeling of anger in the heart, the voice will appear rough and sharp; if there is a sense of respect in the heart, the sound will appear upright and clear; Peaceful and gentle.These six moods are not spontaneous in nature, but germinated after being touched by external things.Therefore, the ancient sages and kings attached great importance to external things that arouse people's feelings.Therefore, ritual is used to guide people's aspirations, music is used to harmonize people's singing, politics is used to unify people's actions, and criminal law is used to prevent people from committing evil.The ultimate goals of ritual, music and criminal administration are the same, and they are all the right way to harmonize people's hearts and lead to the great governance of the country. 【original】

Those who make sounds are those who give birth to people's hearts.Emotion is in the middle, so form is in sound, and sound is written, which is called sound.Therefore, the sound of ruling the world is peaceful and happy, and its government is peaceful; the sound of troubled times is anger, and its politics are bad; the sound of a subjugated country is mourning, and its people are in poverty.The way of sound is connected with politics.The palace is the king, the merchant is the minister, the corner is the people②, the levy is the thing③, and the feather is the thing.If the five are not chaotic, there will be no sound of resentment from parents.④.Chaos in the palace leads to barrenness, which leads to arrogance of the monarch; chaos in business leads to embarrassment, and the officials are ruined; chaos in the corners leads to worry, and the people complain;The five are all chaotic, and they overlap each other, which is called slow.If this is the case, the country will perish forever.The voice of Zheng Wei, the voice of troubled times, is slower than that of Yu.The voices of Sangjian and Pushang⑧ are also the voices of a subjugated country. Their political disintegration and their people's flow are unstoppable.

【Note】

①Music: Music Le.

② Angle: sound decision.

③ sign: sound paper.

④ post: sound dip.懘: sound to.

[-] Pei: Sound must.

[-]Die: sound butterfly.

⑦ ratio: sound must.

[-] Pu: Sound Pu.

【Translation】

(End of this chapter)