University · Moderate

Chapter 54
According to the phenomenon that heaven is respected and earth is inferior, the relationship between the monarch and his ministers is determined.According to the display and distribution of high and low terrain, high and low are also positioned.According to the normal state of motion and stillness in nature, there is a difference between big and small things.Animals are grouped together according to their species, and plants are grouped together according to groups, so their dispositions and lives are different from each other.The sun, moon, stars, wind, cloud, thunder, and lightning are formed in the sky, and various forms of mountains, rivers, vegetation, animals, and plants are formed on the ground.In this way, the so-called etiquette is to reflect this distinction between heaven and earth.The earth's atmosphere rises, the sky falls, yin and yang rub against each other, heaven and earth rush against each other, thunder beats, wind and rain invigorate, the four seasons rotate alternately, the sun and the moon shine brightly, so all things thrive and grow.In this way, the so-called music is to reflect this harmony between heaven and earth. 【original】

If there is no time to change, there will be no birth, and if there is no distinction between men and women, then there will be random ascension. This is also the love of heaven and earth.Jifu's rites and music are as extreme as the sky and as flat as the earth, ① he travels through yin and yang and connects with ghosts and gods.Happy with the beginning ②, and the rituals become things.The sky is the one that is restless, and the earth is the one that is immovable.Those who move and stay still are between heaven and earth.Therefore, the saint's daily rites and music cloud.

【Note】

① Pan: Sound plate.

② Big: Tongtai.

【Translation】

It is the reason between heaven and earth that if the fertility is not suitable for the weather, it will not grow, and if there is no difference between men and women, it will cause promiscuity.As for rites and music, they can follow the principles of heaven and earth, go up to the sky and down to the earth, follow the yin and yang, communicate with ghosts and gods, exhaust the extremely high and far away places, and probe the extremely deep and thick places.Music shows the initial harmony and cultivation of the heavens, and the ceremony is in the position of the formation of all things on the earth.It is the sky that shows that it is in motion, and it is the earth that shows that it is still.From this movement and stillness, everything between heaven and earth is produced.Therefore, the sages often mentioned the rites and music of imitating heaven and earth. 【original】

In the past, Shun made a five-string qin and sang "The South Wind", and Kui began to make music to reward the princes.Therefore, the son of heaven takes pleasure in rewarding the virtuous princes.Virtue is prosperous and teaching is respectful, which is the best time for five grains, and then enjoy it with pleasure.Therefore, those who govern the labor of the people, their dancing lines are long; those who govern the people's idleness, their dancing lines are short.Therefore, by watching his dance, one can know his virtue; by hearing his posthumous posthumous title, one can know his deeds. "Big Chapter", the title of the chapter. "Xianchi" is ready. "Shao" ⑤, Ji Ye. "Summer", big also.The joy of Yin and Zhou is over.

【Note】

① Kui: Yin Kui.

② Which one: the familiar character.

③ Line: Yin Hang.

④ Posthumous title: Musician. ⑤ Shao: sound spoon.

【Translation】

Formerly, when Shun made five-stringed zithers to accompany the Song of the South Wind, he ordered Kui to make music to reward the princes.Therefore, the emperor made music to reward the virtuous princes.The princes have great virtues, enlightenment and dignity, and the five grains are abundant, and then the emperor will reward him with music.Therefore, if the princes govern poorly and the people work hard, the court dances will be far away; if the princes govern well and the people are comfortable, the court dances will be close together.Therefore, by watching the density of the dances of the princes, you can know the size of his virtue; by hearing the praise and criticism for his posthumous title, you can know the good and evil of his life.Similarly, by listening to the music of different generations, one can also know the merits and virtues of each generation. "Da Zhang" is Yao's music name, which reflects Yao's virtue; "Xia" is the name of Yu's music, which reflects Yu's ability to carry forward the virtues of Yao and Shun; the music of Yin and Zhou also shows that the rulers at that time could do their best. 【original】

In the way of heaven and earth, if cold and heat are not seasonable, you will be sick, and if the wind and rain are not temperate, you will be hungry.Those who teach are the cold and heat of the people, and if they are not taught from time to time, they will hurt the world; those who do things are also the wind and rain of the people, and if they are not disciplined, they will be useless.However, the former kings took pleasure in it and ruled by law, and doing good is like virtue.

【Translation】

According to the common sense of heaven and earth, diseases will occur when the cold and heat are not in season, and famine will be caused if the wind and rain are not adjusted.Enlightenment is like cold and heat to the people, and if it is not in season, it will hurt the morals of the world.To the people, political affairs are like wind and rain, and if they are not restrained, they will be laborious and useless.It can be seen from this that the former kings made fun and used it to imitate politics; if their achievements were good, then the behavior of the people reflected noble morality. 【original】

Husbands feed hogs for wine, not because they think it is a disaster, but as prison lawsuits become more and more proliferating, the flow of wine is also a disaster.It is because of the wine ceremony that the former kings.For the gift of offering, the guests and hosts pay homage a hundred times, and they drink all day long without getting drunk.Therefore, those who drink and eat, so the acacia is also.Musicians, so like virtue.Those who are polite, so they are prostitutes.That is why the former kings had great events, and there must be courtesy to mourn them;Sorrows and joys all end with courtesy.Those who are happy, the sages are happy, and they can be kind to the hearts of the people.It is deeply touching, and it changes customs and customs, so the previous kings taught it.

【Note】

① Huan: sound change.

②Jiu: Yin Chuo, pass through.

③Music: Music Le.The same below.

④It changes customs and customs: Wang Niansun said that the word "vulgar" should be supplemented with the word "Yi" from "Han Shu Le Zhi".

【Translation】

Originally, raising pigs to make wine was not used to create disasters, but the increasing number of lawsuits was caused by excessive drinking.Therefore, the former kings formulated drinking rituals for this purpose.Including a toast, a toast in return, and a reward for wine, both the host and the guest need to kneel down many times, so that even if they drink all day long, they will not get drunk.Therefore, wine and food are used for reunion, music is used to embody morality, and etiquette is used to restrain excess.Therefore, the former kings must have certain funeral rites to express their sorrow when there is a death or funeral, and certain auspicious rites to express their joy when there is an auspicious event.The limits of sorrow and joy are all terminated according to the law.Music is what the sages like. Music can improve the hearts of the people, it is deeply touching, and it can change customs. Therefore, the ancient kings worked hard to clarify the teachings of music. 【original】

The husband and the people have the nature of blood and heart ①, but not the constant of sorrow, joy, joy and anger ②, they should be moved by feeling things ③, and then the mind will take shape.Therefore, the sounds of Zhiwei and Xisha make the people feel worried; the sounds of harmony, slowness, complicated text, and simplicity make the people happy; the sounds of rough, vigorous, vigorous, and broad make the people resolute; The sounds of honesty, integrity, and sincerity are made by the people, and the people are respectful; the sounds of affluence, meat, smoothness, and harmony are made by the people, and the people are loving; Fornication⑦.

【Note】

①Knowledge: same wisdom.

②Music: Music Le.

③Response: The sound is hard.

④啴: Sound production.

⑤ Ben: sound excited, angry.

⑥ Good: Yinhao.

[-] Pi: Sound analogy, common and secluded.Di Cheng: Wang Yinzhi said that the word "Cheng" was a falsehood of the word "Wu".

【Translation】

The people have the nature of blood, energy and mind, but sorrow, joy, joy and anger are changeable. They must be affected by external things and cause activities, and then form various psychology.Therefore, if you play subtle and rapid music, the people will feel sad; When the people listen to the music that is violent, the ending is exciting, broad and angry, the people will be full of fortitude; When people listen to smooth, mature, harmonious, and lively music, the people will develop loving emotions; when they play impetuous, weird, evil, loose, frivolous, and loose music, the people will grow lustful desires after listening to it. 【original】

That is why the former kings were based on the emotional nature, the degree of judgment, the etiquette and righteousness of the system, the harmony of harmony and vitality, and the behavior of the five constants of the Tao, so that the yang does not disperse, the yin does not dense, the rigid qi does not anger, and the soft qi does not frighten ② , the four are intertwined in the middle and emanate from the outside, all of which are in their positions and do not compete with each other.Then set up the study and so on, broaden its rhythm, save its literary talent ③, call it thick and moral, and the law is small and big ④, compare the sequence of the end and the beginning ⑤, use the image to act, and make the principles of closeness, high and low, seniority, male and female All are seen in music ⑥, so it is said that "optimism is deep".

【Note】

① Road: Tongdao.

② Deterrence: Sound shot.

③Province: sound wake up.

④ said: sound while.

⑤ ratio: sound must.

⑥ see: the current word.

【Translation】

Therefore, the former kings made music, according to people's dispositions, studied the degree of rhythm, and controlled it with etiquette and righteousness. If the temperament is strong, it will not be violent, if it is soft, it will not be cowardly. The four temperaments of yin, yang, rigidity and softness communicate in the heart and express their emotions outside the body.Then set the learning level, gradually increase the rhythm practice, examine the color of expression, use it to measure the depth of character, standardize the symmetry of large and small rhythms, compare the sequence of movements, and use it to simulate deeds and deeds, so as to ensure that closeness, high and low, The ethics of young and old, men and women are all reflected in music and dance.That's why there was an ancient saying that "you want to observe the deep meaning in it". 【original】

If the soil is poor, the vegetation will not grow; if the water is disturbed, the fish and turtles will not grow; if the qi is weak, the living things will fail;That's why its voice is mournful but not solemn, and joy is not restless②; slow and easy to violate integrity, wandering to forget one's origin③;It is because a gentleman is cheap.

【Note】

① 慝: Sound special.

②Music: Music Le.

③ Dian: Yin Mian.

【Translation】

If the land is weak, no plants can grow; if the waters are disturbed, there will be no fish and turtles; if the solar terms are exhausted, living things will not grow;Therefore, the sound of this troubled world is sad but not solemn, joyful but not peaceful, slow and easy but violates the rhythm, indulgent and forgetful of nature.When the tone is wide, it contains treachery, and when it is narrow, it is full of lust.This kind of obscene sound shakes people's unobstructed righteousness and annihilates their peaceful morality, so the gentleman despises it. 【original】

All treacherous voices are touching and respond to it against the qi, and the qi becomes a phenomenon, and the lewdness and joy are exuberant.The positive sound is moving and the qi responds to it, and the qi forms an image and is harmonious and joyful.Advocate harmony with response ②, return to evil, straight and straight belong to their own points ③, and the principles of all things move with each other.

【Note】

① Answer: The sound is hard.The same below.

②He: Yinhe.

③ points: sound parts.

【Translation】

Whenever treacherous voices move people, people respond with a rebellious spirit, and the rebellious spirit becomes an image, and sexual pleasure arises.When the pure voice moves people, people will respond with a gentle heart, and the gentle heart will become an image, and harmony will arise.There must be a response to singing and harmony, and the evils and straights belong to the boundaries of good and evil. The reason of all things is that the same kind echoes and touches each other. 【original】

That is why a gentleman turns his back on emotion to match his aspirations, compares others to achieve his actions, his treacherous voice does not leave him wise, his lewd pleasures and rituals do not connect his mind, his laziness and evil spirit do not reside in his body, and make his ears, eyes, nose, mouth, and heart Knowing that all kinds of bodies are all in order to practice righteousness.

【Note】

① Pi: Sound analogy, common and secluded.

②Knowledge: same wisdom.

【Translation】

Therefore, a gentleman restrains his passions to harmonize his mind, compares himself to good people so as to perfect his virtue, does not allow adulterous and promiscuous sensuality to pass through his ears and eyes, does not allow obscenity, pleasure and obscenity to touch his mind, and does not allow laziness, arrogance, and unwholesome habits to attach to his body. , so that one's ears, eyes, nose, mouth, thoughts, and every part of the body are carried out in the right direction to implement moral actions. 【original】

Then the voice is used, the text is played by the harp, the qi is used to move, the feathers are decorated, and from the flute to the light of virtue, the combination of the four qi is used to move, and the principles of all things are expressed.That is why Qingming is like the sky, vast like the earth, always like the four seasons, and the week is like the wind and rain, the five colors are written but not chaotic, and the eight winds follow the law but not adultery.Baidu is counted and there is permanence, the small and the big complement each other, and the beginning and the beginning are mutually born, advocating harmony and turbidity ②, and the successive phases are the scriptures.Therefore, if you are happy in your activities, you will be clean, your ears and eyes will be clever, your blood will be peaceful, you will change customs and customs, and the world will be at peace.

【Note】

① also: the same rotation.

②He: Yinhe.

【Translation】

Then express it with sound, express it with zither, dance with shield and axe, decorate it with pheasant feathers and yak tail, and accompany it with flute.Carry forward the brilliance of the highest virtue, mobilize the harmony of yin and yang, hardness and softness, to show the truth of all things.Therefore, this kind of Zhengyue is like the sky, the vastness is like the earth, the end is like the four seasons, and the rotation is like the wind and rain.This kind of music is colorful and orderly, the eight tones of gold, stone, silk, bamboo, leather, wood and earth gourd follow the melody without interfering with each other. There are singing and harmony, clear and turbid, alternating as the keynote, with endless changes.Therefore, once this kind of righteous music becomes popular, the way of human relations will be cleared up. It can make people's ears and eyes smart, and their blood and energy will be peaceful. It can change customs and customs, and bring peace to the whole world. 【original】

Therefore, it is said: "The one who is happy is also happy." The gentleman is happy to get his way, and the villain is happy to get his desire.If you control desires with the Tao, you will be happy but not chaotic; if you forget the Tao with desires, you will be confused and not happy.Therefore, a gentleman turns his emotions to harmonize his aspirations, and to achieve his teachings by being happy.If you are happy to travel and live in the country, you can observe virtue.Virtue is the end of sex.The music is the flower of virtue.Gold, stone, silk and bamboo are instruments of music.Poetry expresses one's aspirations.Song, chant its sound.Dance, move its capacity also.The three originate from the heart, and then the musical instruments follow it.It is so affectionate and civilized, full of vigor and spirituality, gentle and gentle, yet radiant, but joy cannot be faked.

【Note】

① Musicians are also happy: go to Yueyinyue.Next Le music Le, the same below.

② Township: leading to.

【Translation】

There is an old saying: "Music is entertainment." However, the entertainment of a gentleman lies in the improvement of morality, and the entertainment of a villain lies in the satisfaction of lust.Use morality to control lust, then you can enjoy entertainment without adultery; forget morality in order to satisfy lust, then you will be confused by sensuality and not get real entertainment.Therefore, the gentleman suppresses lust and harmonizes his will, and promotes righteousness to fulfill its educational function.Music education is promoted, so that the people return to the right way, and the effectiveness of moral education can be seen.Virtue is the foundation of human nature, happiness is the flower of virtue, and gold, stone, silk and bamboo are the instruments of music.Poetry expresses people's aspirations, song expresses people's inner voice, and dance expresses appearance and posture through movements.Poems, songs, and dances are all based on one's own heart, and then accompanied by musical instruments.Therefore, the emotion is deep and the image is vivid, the momentum is strong and the god is humanized.The gentle spirit is accumulated in the heart, and the brilliant brilliance can spread out. Only music cannot be faked. 【original】

The music is the movement of the heart.The voice is the image of music.The rhythm of the text is also the decoration of the sound.A gentleman moves his roots, enjoys his image, and then heals his ornaments.That's why first drum up to warn, take three steps to see the square①, then start to move forward, return to order after chaos, fight hard and not pull out, extremely secluded but not hidden, enjoy your ambitions alone③, never tire of the way, and prepare for it The way, not selfish desires.This is why righteousness is established when seeing love, and virtue is honored when happiness ends.Therefore, it is said: "The way to live the people is to be happy."

【Note】

① See: the current word.The same below.

② Order: sound wings.

③Music: Music Le.

④Good: Yinhao.

【Translation】

Music comes from the heart, the sound is the appearance of music, and the rhythm of Wencai is the decoration of sound.When a gentleman creates music, he starts from the root of what he feels in his heart, and then forms the appearance with musical techniques, and then processes and modifies the appearance.The "Dawu Dance" reflects King Wu's defeat of Zhou. First, the drums are used to alert the dancers to pay attention. Three steps indicate that the team has set off. After Chapter 1 dance is completed, the dance starts again to show that the army is going to go out again, and the last chapter of music and dance is used to express the victory. The army returned in order.The movements of the dance column are extremely fast and not deflected, and the music is extremely deep and not obscure.The whole music and dance show that King Wu is happy to realize his wishes without compromising the way of benevolence and righteousness; he fully implements the way of benevolence and righteousness without letting go of personal desires.Therefore, "Dawu Dance" embodies emotions and establishes morality at the same time. When the music ends, it also shows moral nobility.Appreciating such music and dance, the gentleman will be more kind, and the villain will reflect on his mistakes.That's why there is such a saying: "The way to support the people, music is a major issue." 【Original】

Those who are happy are Shi Ye.Rituals are also rewards.Music, music is born by itself, but ritual is the opposite of what it is from the beginning.Le Zhangde, etiquette and intelligence, anti-beginning also.

【Note】

①Music: Music Le.

②Reverse: pass back.

【Translation】

Le is expensive and touching, and joy has the nature of giving; courtesy is reciprocal, and courtesy has the nature of reciprocation.Music sings praises to the era and environment in which one lives today; ritual recalls the origin of the lives of ancestors in the past.Playing music is to demonstrate virtue, and making rituals is to repay kindness and remember the origin. 【original】

(End of this chapter)