China knows everything for 5000 years

Chapter 67

On October 1927, 10, the reorganized troops arrived at Gucheng, a small town in the northwest of Ninggang County, where the Gucheng meeting was held.The Gucheng meeting summed up the experience and lessons of the Autumn Harvest Uprising, affirmed the strategy of insisting on marching to Jinggangshan, and focused on the establishment of the Jinggangshan revolutionary base.After Mao Zedong's speech and incisive analysis, everyone unanimously agreed to establish a revolutionary base in Jinggangshan.But Jinggangshan was controlled by armed peasants at that time.In order to gain a foothold in Jinggangshan, these two obstacles must be removed.As for how to overcome it, everyone has different opinions.Some people think that Yuan Wencai and Wang Zuo are actually bandits in the mountains and forests, and advocate using force to eliminate them.Mao Zedong opposed this opinion. He proposed the policy of uniting, educating, and transforming the two troops, which won the approval of most people.Under the personal conversation and influence of Mao Zedong and Yuan Wencai, Yuan Wencai expressed his deep admiration, expressed his approval for the revolutionary troops to go to Jinggangshan, and was willing to reform his own troops. Establish a revolutionary base in Jinggangshan.In this way, the gate of Jinggangshan was opened to the revolutionary troops without firing a single shot.

On October 1927, 10, Mao Zedong led the Revolutionary Army of Workers and Peasants into Maoping in two routes and received a warm welcome. On October 7th, the troops marched to the entrance of Jingzhushan Village. Mao Zedong stood on a stone and announced the famous three disciplines to the soldiers: first, obey the command in action; a sweet potato.After the speech, Mao Zedong led the revolutionary troops to Dajing Village in Jinggangshan, wearing a bamboo hat. On October 10, the troops arrived at Ciping, the largest village on Jinggang Mountain.In this way, under the leadership of Mao Zedong, the troops of the Autumn Harvest Uprising finally planted the revolutionary red flag on the highest peak of Jinggang Mountain after more than a month of arduous battles and traveled more than a thousand miles, establishing the first red revolutionary base of the Communist Party of China in the countryside.

The establishment of the Jinggangshan Revolutionary Base provided a new idea for the armed revolutionary struggle of the Communist Party of China and created a new situation of armed struggle since the August [-]st Nanchang Uprising.The spark of "armed separatism of workers and peasants" ignited by Mao Zedong created a new situation in which revolutionary forces were regrouped and armed to seize power when the revolution was at a low ebb, and it illuminated the voyage of victory for the Chinese revolution.

●Zhu Mao joined forces at Jinggangshan
After the establishment of the Jinggangshan Revolutionary Base, Mao Zedong has always been very concerned about the whereabouts of the troops preserved from the Nanchang Uprising.However, the news was tightly sealed by the enemy. It was not until the time of guerrilla warfare in Shuikou Town, Lingxian County that Mao Zedong accidentally learned that Zhu De's troops had arrived in Chaozhou and Shantou, Guangdong Province.

Mao Zedong was very happy that the Nanchang Uprising troops had been found. He immediately called a meeting of thousands of troops to tell everyone the good news.Mao Zedong said: "The Nanchang Uprising fired the first shot against the Kuomintang reactionaries. This force is an important armed force under the leadership of our party. We must try to get in touch with them." Everyone agreed, so, So he sent He Changgong to Guangdong to find Zhu De's troops.

He Changgong accidentally learned that Zhu De was in the Sixteenth Army of Yunnan warlord Fan Shisheng, so he hurried over and finally found Zhu De and Chen Yi's team.The next day, Zhu De held He Changgong's hand and handed him a letter, hoping that he would return to Jinggangshan as soon as possible and contact Comrade Mao Zedong. Their team was instigating a riot in southern Hunan.He Changgong returned to Jinggangshan with the letter.After hearing He Changgong's report, Mao Zedong watched the whereabouts of this revolutionary armed force more closely.Soon, Zhu De launched the Shonan uprising, but it failed very quickly.Zhu De had to lead the team to move to the Hunan and Jiangxi borders, but the enemy kept chasing after him.

At that time, Mao Zedong was living in Shuikou Town, Ling County. As soon as he heard the news, he immediately led the Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army to support Zhu De. Under the cover of Mao Zedong, Zhu De's troops arrived safely in Long City, Ninggang.After Mao Zedong completed the cover task, he led the Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army back to Long City.Someone reported: "Comrade Zhu De lives in Longjiang Academy, and he is waiting for you to come back." Mao Zedong was very happy when he heard that, and Ma Ren walked towards Longjiang Academy.

Zhu De, Chen Yi and others were already waiting at the door.When Mao Zedong approached Longjiang Academy, Zhu De took a few steps ahead, and Mao Zedong also quickened his pace. Two powerful hands were tightly held together.The two revolutionary armed forces joined together, and the revolutionary forces grew stronger.

Soon, the Fourth Army of the Red Army of Chinese Workers and Peasants was established in Jinggangshan.Mao Zedong served as the party representative, Zhu De served as the army commander, and Chen Yi served as the director of the Political Department.The establishment of the Fourth Red Army brought about a prosperous development in the Gangshan Revolutionary Base.Under the leadership of Mao Zedong, the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army embarked on the correct path of "armed separatism of workers and peasants".Later, the base area launched a vigorous "strike the local tyrants, divide the fields" campaign, the Red Army in the Jinggangshan area became stronger, and the Jinggangshan revolutionary base area also continued to expand.

●The Long March of [-] Miles
In October 1934, the fifth counter-campaign against "encirclement and suppression" failed, and the Red Army was forced to carry out a strategic shift. Except Xiang Ying, Chen Yi and others led part of the Red Army and 10 staff members to stay in the Central Revolutionary Base to continue the struggle. More than 3000 people set off from Ruijin and Yudu (now Yudu) in southern Jiangxi, and Changting and Ninghua in western Fujian to start growing?sign.At this time, the Red Sixth Army had withdrawn from the Hunan, Jiangxi, and Sichuan Soviet Areas, and together with the Second Red Army, established the Hunan, Hubei, and Sichuan Soviet Areas, preparing for the arrival of the Central Committee and the main force of the Red Army.However, in the early days of the Long March, the "Left" leaders committed escapeism during the retreat, and turned the strategic shift into a move-like action, which slowed down the troops and delayed the time to join forces with the Second and Sixth Red Army.

At this time, Chiang Kai-shek was already aware of the Red Army's intentions, and he immediately mobilized heavy troops to wipe out the Central Red Army.The main force of the Red Army had to cover the slow-moving Central Committee, the Central Military Commission and other units directly under it at any time. When they broke through the enemy's four blockade lines and moved to the area west of the Xiangjiang River, the main force had dropped from 8.6 to 3. people.At this critical juncture, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China accepted Mao Zedong's correct proposition, voluntarily gave up the plan to go north to join the Red Second and Sixth Army Corps, and swung southwest to Guizhou, where the enemy was weak.

On December 1934, 12, the Red Army captured Liping, Guizhou; in January 15, the Red Army forcibly crossed the Wujiang River; on January 1935, the Red Army occupied Zunyi City. On a coincident day in January 1, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held an enlarged meeting of the Politburo in Zunyi, which ended Wang Ming's "left" opportunism in the central government, stopped Bo Gu and Li De's leadership of the Red Army, and established Mao Zedong as the leader. Representative of the new central leadership collective.Since then, under the command of Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, Zhu De, etc., the Red Army has used flexible strategies and tactics, going east and west, interspersed among the enemy's heavy troops in twists and turns.Crossing the Chishui River four times, crossing the Wujiang River in the south, crossing the Jinsha River by force, flying over the Huding Bridge, forcibly crossing the Dadu River, and crossing the snow-covered Jiajin Mountain all the way, all the way to get rid of hundreds of thousands of enemy troops chasing and intercepting, making the enemy confused and exhausted. .

On June 1935, 6, the Central Red Army successfully joined forces with the Fourth Red Army transferred from the Sichuan-Shaanxi base in the Yugong and Dawei areas of Sichuan.However, during this period, Zhang Guotao, who held the command of the Fourth Red Army, opposed the correct strategic policy of the Central Committee to go north to resist Japan, and then split the Central Committee and the Red Army. On September 14, 1935, the Party Central Committee held an enlarged meeting of the Politburo in the Russian border, criticizing Zhang Guotao's serious mistake of splitting the Red Army and disobeying the orders of the Central Committee.After the meeting, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China led the Shaanxi-Gansu detachment to go north quickly, captured Lazikou, a natural barrier, and arrived at Hadapu, south of Minxian County, Gansu.At the same time, the Red Fourth Front Army going south was besieged and attacked by the Kuomintang army many times, and was forced to retreat to the Ganzi area of ​​Xikang. On September 9, when the central government learned that there was a large Soviet area and a considerable number of Red Army in northern Shaanxi, it organized a meeting of the Standing Committee of the Politburo in Bangluo Town, and decided to abandon the strategic plan to establish the Sichuan-Shaanxi-Gansu Revolutionary Base, and make northern Shaanxi a The headquarters of the revolution. At the beginning of November, the Central Red Army, Xu Haidong, Cheng Zihua, Liu Zhidan and the 12th Northern Shaanxi Army led by them successfully joined forces in the northern Shaanxi base.At the same time, the Second Red Army and the Sixth Red Army led by He Long and Ren Bishi also set off from Sangzhi, Hunan, and started the Long March. On July 9, 27, they joined forces with the Fourth Red Army in Ganzi.After joining forces, the Second and Sixth Army Corps were renamed the Red Second Front Army.Zhu De, Liu Bocheng, Ren Bishi, He Long, Guan Xiangying, etc. fought resolutely with Zhang Guotao, and led the Red Second Front Army to continue northward. On October 11, 1936, the Red Army's first, second, and fourth main forces joined forces in Huining, Gansu Province.

So far, the Red Army has driven 11 miles across [-] provinces in two years, broke through the pursuit of the Kuomintang's heavy troops, overcome the natural dangers of snow-capped mountains and grasslands, overcome the crisis of internal party division, and successfully completed the Long March.The Red Army's Long March is an unprecedented feat in world history and an epic of heroes.The victory of the Long March ended, and the Chinese revolution began a new page.

●Marco Polo Bridge "July [-]" Incident

After the "September 1901th" Incident, the Japanese invaders fought every step of the way, encroaching on a vast area of ​​northern China in six years, and Beiping and Tianjin were completely surrounded by the Japanese invaders.The Marco Polo Bridge area, located about [-] kilometers southwest of Beiping on the Ping-Han Railway, has become the only gateway for Beiping to connect with the mainland.According to the "Xin Chou Treaty" signed in [-], Japan obtained the right to garrison troops in the Fengtai Railway Junction south of Lugouqiao.

On the night of July 1937, 7, without notifying the Chinese local authorities, the Japanese garrison at Lugouqiao held a so-called military exercise near the Chinese garrison positions, falsely claiming that a Japanese soldier was missing, and asked to enter Wanping County, southwest of Beiping (now Lugouqiao Town) searched.After the Chinese garrison rejected this unreasonable request, the Japanese army actually began to attack the Chinese garrison and shelled Wanping County.The 7th Regiment of the 29th Division of the 37th Army of the Chinese Garrison fought back and put up a tenacious resistance.The brigade commander He Jifeng and the regiment commander Ji Xingwen came to the front to direct the battle. All the soldiers fought bravely. Among them, only 219 officers and soldiers of the company were left, and they still fought hand-to-hand with the enemy.Holding a broadsword in his hand, a soldier cut down more than a dozen Japanese soldiers in a row, and died heroically himself.Under the bravery and fearlessness of our defenders, the Japanese invaders left more than 4 corpses and rolled out of the east bank of the Yongding River in embarrassment.

On July 7, the warring forces of China and Japan reached a verbal ceasefire agreement.But at the same time, Japan secretly deployed more than 9 troops and more than 2 aircraft from Northeast China and North Korea into North China. On July 7, the Japanese Army Staff Headquarters formulated the "Guidelines for War Against China when Using Forces in North China", and the Japanese government decided to mobilize 17 troops in an attempt to destroy China by force. On July 40, the Japanese invaders began to attack Pingjin, and occupied Langfang on July 7, cutting off the connection between the two cities. On the morning of the 25th, the Japanese invaders finally launched a general attack on Beiping, and Beiping fell.In the fierce battle with the Japanese army, Tong Linge, the deputy commander of the 26th Army, and Zhao Dengyu, the commander of the 28nd Division, took the lead and led their troops to resist the Japanese attack.

The "July 7th Incident" was deliberately created by Japanese imperialism to realize its ambition of engulfing China, and it was the beginning of a full-scale invasion of China. On July 8, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued a telegram to the whole country, exposing the conspiracy of the Japanese invaders to occupy Pingjin and North China by force, pointing out that the Chinese nation was at a critical juncture, and only by carrying out a comprehensive war of resistance could China have a way out.Called on the people of the whole country to "defend Pingjin and North China with armed forces" and "don't let Japanese imperialism occupy an inch of China!" The people of all ethnic groups and all walks of life in the country responded enthusiastically. .

●Pingxingguan Great Victory Kills the Enemy

In September 1937, the Japanese army pointed the finger of attack at Taiyuan.Pingxingguan is the gateway of Taiyuan and a famous fortress in the northeast of Shanxi Province. The terrain is very dangerous.The Japanese army attempted to capture Pingxingguan to open the way to seize Taiyuan. In September, according to the combat plan, the 9st Skilled Division of the Eighth Route Army undertook the combat task of cooperating with friendly forces and flanking the invading Japanese troops.After accepting the task, the commanders and fighters of the whole division were determined to wipe out the invading enemies, defend Shanxi, and display the might of the Eighth Route Army.

In early September, the 9th Division of the Eighth Route Army marched to the vicinity of Pingxing Pass and occupied favorable terrain. On the 115nd, part of the 22st Brigade of the Fifth Division of the Japanese Army invaded Pingxingguan from Lingqiu and occupied the Dongpaochi area. Lin Biao, commander of the 21th Division, and Nie Rongzhen, deputy commander of the division, seized the weakness of the Japanese army's arrogance and lack of vigilance, and used the narrow valley road in Pingxing Kanbei to ambush and annihilate the enemy. On the night of the 115rd, the division headquarters of the 23th Division entered the Ranzhuang and Dongchangcheng Village areas to the east of Pingxingguan, and deployed combat plans for combat mobilization. Late at night on the 115th, the 24th Division took advantage of the dark night and heavy rain to secretly enter the preset positions such as Baiyatai. At dawn on the 115th, the follow-up troops of the 25st Brigade of the Fifth Division of the Japanese Army drove in from east to west along the Lingqiu-Pingxingguan Highway with more than 21 vehicles and more than 100 heavy vehicles. At about 200 o'clock, all the units entered the ambush position of our 7th Division. The commander of the 115th Division seized the opportunity and immediately ordered the entire front to fire, and took advantage of the chaos of the enemy to launch an attack at the right time.Throughout the battle, commanders at all levels commanded resolutely and calmly, with clear combat missions. According to the pre-combat plan, they used one part to wipe out the leading Japanese army and prevent them from fleeing southward along the road: one part?Surround the rear of the Japanese army and cut off its retreat; one part rushed across the road and quickly seized Laoye Temple and the highlands to the north;This campaign achieved the result of killing more than 115 enemies.At this time, Seishiro Itagaki, head of the Fifth Division of the Japanese Army, urgently dispatched troops from Yu County and Laiyuan for reinforcements, but the 1000th Division had already taken precautions against this.The Japanese reinforcements were blocked by the 115th Division Independent Regiment and the Cavalry Battalion in the north and east of Lingqiu, and more than 115 of them were killed and wounded at the waist.

The victory at Pingxingguan effectively dealt a blow to the crazy arrogance of the Japanese army, broke the myth that the Japanese army was invincible, and also demonstrated the military might of the Eighth Route Army, achieving the first major victory of the Chinese army since the beginning of the National War of Resistance.

●Nanjing Massacre by Japanese Army
In November 1937, Shanghai fell, and Nanjing, the capital of China at that time, was exposed to the Japanese army. On December 11, the Japanese army approached Nanjing, and the two sides began sporadic fighting. On the 12th, the Japanese invaders began to attack the city on a large scale. The 3 Nanjing defenders fought fiercely for three or four days before the whole army retreated.

On December 12, Nanjing fell. Under the command of Matsui Iwane, commander of the Central China Dispatch Army, and Hisao Tani, the commander of the Sixth Division, the Japanese army entered Nanjing City and began a bloody massacre that lasted six weeks.Under the pretext of "searching for the escaped Chinese officers and soldiers", the Japanese invaded the houses of citizens, burned, killed and looted wantonly, and shot and killed young and middle-aged men on the spot. As for the captured Chinese officers and soldiers on the battlefield, they either shot them to death collectively, or dug pits collectively. Buried alive. On the night of the 13th, under the command of Hisao Tani, the Japanese invaders bound 18 soldiers and civilians who were imprisoned in Mufu Mountain with lead wires, deported them to Xiaguan Caoxie Gorge, and shot them with machine guns. Some Chinese soldiers and civilians who were lying in a pool of blood and still struggling , were all stabbed to death with random knives, and all the bones were doused in kerosene and cremated.There are also countless corpses thrown into the Yangtze River...

The massacre of the soldiers and civilians by the Japanese invaders was inhumane.They either pulled a young man out of the store at random, stripped him naked, poured nitrate on his body, scorched his body, and forced him to walk until he fell dead for fun; , on the door, stab them into blood men with an awl, slam their eyes at those who scold and stare, and then pierce their throats with bayonets; or tie up hundreds of soldiers, goug out their eyes, cut off their ears, and burn them to death or after gang-raping a pregnant woman, the fetus in the womb was cut out and played on a bayonet.As for tying people to telephone poles or trees as targets for shooting and stabbing, it is even more common.There are even killing competitions. For example, the Japanese newspaper "Tokyo Nihonichi Shimbun" published photos of Japanese officers and soldiers holding swords in the killing competition under the title "Murder records have exceeded 106 people".The Japanese soldier who killed the most killed 500 Chinese in a row.Wangfu Lane, with only about [-] households, was bloodbathed many times by the Japanese invaders.When they saw people walking, they caught the thorns and cut off their heads. Many families were killed.Within a few days, more than [-] residents of Wangfu Lane were killed.

According to statistics, in the Nanjing Massacre, more than 19 Chinese soldiers and civilians were collectively shot and buried alive, more than 15 corpses were collected and buried by scattered residents, and nearly 40 Chinese soldiers and civilians were killed.The tragedy of the Nanjing Massacre and the huge number of deaths are only seen in modern wars, fully exposing the brutal nature of Japanese fascism.Even a German, in his report to the fascist German government, said that the Japanese army was simply a "group of beasts".This appalling and heinous crime will always be preserved in history, and it cannot be erased by a few people in Japan.

After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, Matsui Iwane was sentenced to tattoo by the Far East International Military Tribunal, and Hisao Tani was extradited to the Chinese government for execution.The chief culprits of the Nanjing Massacre have been punished as they should.

●Victory in the bloody battle of Taierzhuang

The victory in the Battle of Taierzhuang was another major victory for the Chinese army against Japan after the victory at Pingxingguan, and it was also the most exciting and heroic victory achieved by the Kuomintang on the frontal battlefield during the Anti-Japanese War.

In the spring of 1938, the Japanese army advanced north-south from Jinpu Road in an attempt to capture Xuzhou, then further captured Wuhan, forcing Chiang Kai-shek to surrender, in order to realize his plan to quickly destroy China.Under the critical situation, Li Zongren was ordered to command the Chinese army in the fifth theater to smash the Japanese army's plan.

(End of this chapter)