China knows everything for 5000 years

Chapter 68

In mid-March 1938, the Isoya Division of the Japanese army went straight to Taierzhuang without waiting for the reinforcements from Bengbu to march north, trying to capture Xuzhou in one fell swoop and open up Jinpu Road.Li Zongren ordered Sun Lianzhong's 3nd Army to stand firm at Taierzhuang, and at the same time sent Tang Enbo's 2th Army to go south quickly to pinch the enemy.Just as the 20th Army successfully encircled the Japanese army on the front line of Taierzhuang, the Sakamoto detachment from Linyi suddenly appeared behind.At the same time, the Zhou Yan Department of the 20th Army of the Fifth Theater was also ordered to fight.In this way, the 75th Army and the 20th Army formed an arc from north to east, forming a situation of encirclement and annihilation of the Sakamoto Detachment.The arrival of the Sakamoto Detachment restrained the strength of our 75th Army Corps, and the Hijitani Army Corps made an all-out attack on Taierzhuang.

On April 4, the Jigu Army launched a fierce attack on the 1th Division's position on the east side of Taierzhuang.In the face of the enemy's crazy attack, the officers and soldiers of the 27th Division stood firm and fought life and death with the enemy. In the early morning of April 27, Tang Enbo led the 4th Army to the north of Taierzhuang under the orders of Li Zongren.At this time, Li Zongren also rushed to the vicinity of Taierzhuang and personally commanded the troops to launch a full-line attack on the enemy.With Li Zongren's order, the whole army was unstoppable and launched a fierce attack on the Japanese army. The Japanese army in Taierzhuang was wiped out like a fish in a jar.

At the same time, Zhang Zizhong, Pang Bingxun and other troops in Linyi had also defeated the Japanese army there and firmly held Linyi City in their hands.So far, our army has won a complete victory in the Battle of Taierzhuang.

This victory dealt another heavy blow to the Japanese aggressors, broke the daydream of the Japanese army's rapid destruction of China, and further encouraged and strengthened the determination of the Chinese people to resist the war to the end.

●Hundred regiments battle to show off their military power
The Hundred Regiments War was a large-scale raid launched by the Eighth Route Army against the Japanese and puppet troops in North China in the middle of the Anti-Japanese War.The Hundred Regiments Campaign shocked China and the world and had a far-reaching impact. It was a famous battle in the War of Resistance Against Japan.

In July 1940, Fummaro Konoe, a Japanese militarist, formed a cabinet and determined a new plan to invade China: take Kunming in the south, attack Chongqing in the center, and march into Xi'an in the north.At the same time, the Kuomintang adopted a policy of politically inducing surrender, supplemented by military offensives; against the Eighth Route Army and the anti-Japanese base areas in the enemy's rear, military offensives were intensified and "mopping up" frantically.The Kuomintang adopted the policy of "saving the country with curves", capitulationism grew, and the anti-Japanese struggle in North China faced greater difficulties.In order to inspire the anti-war spirit of the people of the whole country, overcome the danger of surrender, and reverse the passive situation of the entire war situation, the headquarters of the Eighth Route Army decided to organize a sabotage campaign in North China. The enemy's main lines of communication interrupted its communication, cut off its economy, and prevented reinforcements, and then used various methods such as surprise attacks, sieges, and storms to wipe out the enemy and pull out its strongholds in the hinterland of the base area, thereby promoting the development of the war situation in North China and breaking the Its strategic deployment of attacking Kunming, Chongqing, and Xi'an is to inspire the spirit of the people across the country and strive for a change in the situation.In this battle, 7 regiments of the Eighth Route Army participated in the battle, so it was called the "Hundred Regiments War".

The Hundred Regiments Campaign began on August 1940, 8 and ended on December 20, which lasted three and a half months.From the second stage of the campaign, the Eighth Route Army in Su, Lu, Henan, and Anhui also fought against the current enemy in order to cooperate with the Hundred Regiments Campaign.The combat area stretches over most of Shanxi and Hebei, and parts of Re, Cha, Sui, and Lu, including Zhengtai, Pinghan, Jinpu, Jiaoji railways and many highways in Shanxi and Hebei. The battle line is more than 12 miles long.The campaign was directly commanded by Peng Dehuai, deputy commander-in-chief of the Eighth Route Army, and the Hundred Regiments Campaign was divided into three stages.

From August 8 to September 20, the first phase of the campaign began.In order to destroy the traffic, the central task is to destroy the main railway and highway traffic lines in North China, with the Zhengtai Railway as the key target.

From September 9 to early October, the campaign entered the second stage. The main task of this stage was to expand the results of the battle, and to destroy and wipe out the enemy at the same time.In order to continue to break through the Japanese army's communication lines, focus on capturing the Japanese army strongholds on both sides of the communication line and deep inside the base area to expand the results of the battle.

On September 9, the headquarters of the Eighth Route Army issued a second-stage combat order, requiring all troops to continue to destroy the Japanese army's communication lines.

The 129th Division of the Eighth Route Army formed two main siege groups, the left and the right, and launched an attack on September 9.The Zuo Group captured four strongholds including Yushe City until the 23th, during which the Japanese army frantically used chemical weapons against the Eighth Route Army.The You Group conquered many strongholds west of Liao County until the 25th.Just when the two groups were preparing to attack Liao County, the attack was stopped because of the arrival of Japanese reinforcements in Liao County.By September 4, the 27th Division withdrew from the battle as Japanese reinforcements from Liao County and Heshun were approaching.

The main force of the 120th Division of the Eighth Route Army launched a traffic attack battle between Xinkou, Ningwu, and Shuo counties on Tongpu Road.On September 9, they attacked several strongholds such as Toumaying in the southwest of Ningwu County, and controlled several sections of railway from Shuo County to Yuanpingjian.Later, due to a large number of reinforcements from the Japanese army, the 27th Division withdrew from the battle immediately, ending the second phase of the battle.

From October 10th to December 6th, the campaign entered the third phase.After more than 12 days of continuous combat, the Eighth Route Army suffered heavy casualties, was extremely fatigued, and was ready to rest and reorganize. However, after the Japanese army suffered two consecutive large-scale attacks by the Eighth Route Army, they deeply felt the seriousness of the Eighth Route Army's threat to it.In order to stabilize the situation and consolidate the occupied areas, heavy troops were mobilized to carry out large-scale retaliatory "sweeps" against the anti-Japanese base areas in North China.In the Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei Border Region, from October 5th to 40th, more than 10 Japanese troops were divided into 13 groups to "sweep" Pingxi. From November 28 to early December, more than 10 Japanese troops "mopped up" Taiyue District.The Japanese army's "mopping up" of Taiyue District was the largest and longest, lasting two months.Due to the continuous and repeated "sweeping" by the Japanese army, the base area was greatly damaged.It was not until December 11 that the main force of the Japanese army withdrew from the base area, leaving more than a thousand people to build roads in Fuping, Lingshan and other places in an attempt to divide Beiyue District.However, under the harassment and attack of the Eighth Route Army, it was forced to retreat on January 17, 12.So far, the Hundred Regiments War is basically over.

During the Hundred Regiments Campaign, the various departments of the Eighth Route Army fought 1825 times, killed and wounded 25800 Japanese and puppet troops, captured 18688 Japanese troops, and recovered 50 counties.After the Japanese army suffered this heavy blow, their morale plummeted. Commander-in-Chief Tada Hayao of the North China Front Army was dismissed, and the enemy's strategic deployment was disrupted.The victory of the Hundred Regiments War was the most exciting since the Anti-Japanese War, and even the Kuomintang had to express its admiration.Wei Lihuang, the commander-in-chief of the first war zone, sent a telegram to Zhu De and Peng Dehuai, expressing his "deep admiration" and saying: "Your department launched the Hundred Regiments War, which not only dealt a fatal blow to the Japanese invaders, but also gave spiritual encouragement to the friendly troops." Chiang Kai-shek The caller said: "Your Ministry saw this good opportunity and attacked resolutely. It dealt a heavy blow to the enemy. Special telegram reward."

The Hundred Regiments Campaign was the largest and longest-lasting strategic offensive campaign launched by the Eighth Route Army in North China during the Anti-Japanese War.In this battle, the anti-Japanese soldiers and civilians in North China led by the Communist Party of China worked together and fought bloody battles against the Japanese invaders, fully demonstrating the indomitable fighting spirit of the Chinese nation.The Hundred Regiments War severely damaged the main lines of communication of the Japanese army in North China, regained some areas occupied by the Japanese army, dealt a powerful blow to the Japanese invaders, and enhanced the confidence of the soldiers and civilians across the country in striving for victory in the War of Resistance.The Hundred Regiments Campaign was of great significance to persevering in the war of resistance, overcoming the danger of the Kuomintang diehards surrendering, and striving for a better situation.The Chinese also saw the dawn of victory in the War of Resistance from the Hundred Regiments War.

●Responding to the emergency of the Southern Anhui Incident

When the Anti-Japanese War entered a stalemate, Chiang Kai-shek adopted a passive anti-Japanese policy and continued to create anti-Communist friction.

On November 1940, 11, the Kuomintang Military Command drew up the "Operational Plan for Suppressing the Communist Bandits South of the Yellow River", which stipulated that the main force of the Kuomintang army in the third and fifth theaters should avoid fighting the Japanese invaders, and concentrate their forces in two steps to force the Eighth Route Army and the New Fourth Army to fight against the Japanese invaders in 14. Withdrew to the north of the Yellow River before the end of February. On December 1941, Xu Yongchang, head of the KMT's military command, planned the deployment of the New Fourth Army in southern Anhui, stipulating that the New Fourth Army in southern Anhui should not cross from Zhenjiang to the north, but only from the south of the Yangtze River to the north.The Kuomintang did this only to take the opportunity to eliminate the New Fourth Army in southern Anhui.According to the above-mentioned "plan" and "deployment", Gu Zhutong, the commander-in-chief of the third theater, assembled 2 divisions and 12 brigade in southern Anhui, with a total of more than 3 people, appointed Shangguan Yunxiang as the commander-in-chief, and set up a pocket position to prepare Annihilate the New Fourth Army in southern Anhui.

In order to take the overall situation into consideration, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China agreed to the request to move the New Fourth Army in southern Anhui to the north, and ordered Xiang Ying to step up the work of moving north, and promptly notified the situation of the Kuomintang's massing of heavy troops in southern Anhui.

1941年1月4日，皖南新四军冒雨踏上了北上的征途。当时全军共约9000余人，编成3个纵队。6日拂晓，新四军老3团的一个便衣班在云岭脚下与国民党第40师第120团的一个搜索连遭遇，发生激战。

After the gunshots of the incident started, the Kuomintang army relied on its superior strength to press on step by step, and the Gaoling, Tongshan, Gaotan and other theaters were under heavy artillery fire. On the afternoon of the 6th, the military headquarters of the New Fourth Army held an emergency meeting and decided to attack Xingtan and then rush out of the encirclement.Just as the New Fourth Army captured Xingtan on the evening of the 7th, and was about to take advantage of the victory to pursue and expand the results of the battle, Xiang Ying suddenly ordered the troops to withdraw and return Xingtan, which had just been captured with flesh and blood, to the enemy. On the afternoon of the 12th, when the situation was extremely urgent, the New Fourth Army held an emergency meeting of cadres above the regiment.Commander Ye Ting decided to disperse the encirclement immediately, and determined the meeting place after the encirclement. In the early morning of the 13th, the head of the New Fourth Army led elite personnel to break through in two ways.Ye Ting and Rao Shushi are on the way; Xiang Ying, Yuan Guoping and Zhou Zikun are on the way.At this time, Shangguan Yunxiang launched the third general attack. In order to preserve his strength, Commander Ye Ting decided to go deep into the enemy camp and negotiate with Gu Zhutong, but was despicably detained.The road led by Xiang Ying hid in Daguan Mountain for more than a month. Later, Xiang Ying's adjutant Liu Houzong rebelled, killed Xiang Ying and Zhou Zikun, and went to claim credit for the Kuomintang.In the Southern Anhui Incident, more than 9000 members of the New Fourth Army in southern Anhui and 8 Kuomintang troops fought bravely for 7 days and nights. Except for about 2000 people who broke through, more than 3000 people died heroically, and more than 3600 people were captured or separated.

After the incident, Chiang Kai-shek blatantly declared the New Fourth Army a "rebel army", ordered the cancellation of the New Fourth Army's designation, and handed over Ye Ting to a military court for "trial".In order to fight back against the Kuomintang reactionaries, Zhou Enlai angrily wrote the inscription "Sorrow for those who died in the south of the Yangtze River" and the epilogue "A strange injustice through the ages, a leaf in the south of the Yangtze River, fighting in the same room, why do we need to fight each other" in the "Xinhua Daily", effectively exposing the Kuomintang Reactionary crimes.A few days later, the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China issued an order to rebuild the New Fourth Army, appointing Chen Yi as acting commander and Liu Shaoqi as political commissar, and the entire army was expanded into seven divisions.

The Southern Anhui Incident aroused strong reactions from public opinion at home and abroad. The United States, the Soviet Union and other allies accused Chiang Kai-shek of what he had done. Some generals within the Kuomintang were also extremely dissatisfied.

●Convening of the Seventh National Congress of the Communist Party of China
On the eve of the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, the Communist Party of China held the seventh meeting in Yan'an from April 1945 to June 4, 23, in order to unite the people of the whole country, completely defeat the Japanese invaders, and establish an independent, free, democratic, unified, prosperous and powerful New China. National Congress.

On April 1945, 4, the Seventh National Congress of the Communist Party of China was grandly opened in the Yangjialing Central Auditorium in Yan'an.There were 23 official delegates and 547 alternate delegates, a total of 208, representing 755 million party members across the country.Chairman Mao presided over the conference, delivered opening and closing speeches, and delivered a political report "On Coalition Government" to the conference on behalf of the Central Committee.Then, Zhu De made a military report "On the Battlefields in the Liberated Areas". From May 121th to 5th, Liu Shaoqi made a report on "Revising the Party Constitution".In his report, Liu Shaoqi comprehensively and systematically expounded the characteristics of the new party constitution.A notable feature of the new party constitution is that Mao Zedong Thought, which combines Marxism-Leninism with the practice of the Chinese revolution, is the guiding ideology of the party. Writing Mao Zedong Thought into the party constitution marks that the Chinese Communist Party has grown from infancy to maturity.Zhou Enlai, Chen Yi, Bo Gu, Kang Sheng, Chen Yun, etc. all made special speeches based on their work.The Congress elected a new Central Committee on June 14-15.Subsequently, at the First Plenary Session of the Seventh CPC Central Committee held on June 6, 9 people including Mao Zedong, Zhu De, Liu Shaoqi, Zhou Enlai, Ren Bishi, and Peng Dehuai were elected as members of the Politburo, and Mao Zedong was elected as the chairman of the Central Committee.So far, the Seventh National Congress has come to a successful conclusion.

The Seventh National Congress of the Communist Party of China held on the eve of the victory of the Anti-Japanese War pointed out the future and tasks of the Anti-Japanese War and formulated the party's political line.Summarize the excellent style of work formed by the party in the long-term struggle into three major styles, that is, the style of combining theory with practice, the style of being closely connected with the masses of the people, and the style of self-criticism.The party constitution adopted by the congress clearly stipulated for the first time that Mao Zedong Thought should be used as the guideline for all work of our party, realizing the unprecedented unity and unity of the party in terms of ideology, politics and organization.

●The victory of the Anti-Japanese War
Beginning in 1943, China gradually shifted from a strategic defensive position to a strategic offensive position, gaining the land initiative in the war against Japan.Since the Battle of Midway, the United States has also gained the initiative in the sea, and Japan has fallen into a passive position militarily. On May 1945, 5, fascist Germany unconditionally surrendered to the Allied Forces, and the European battlefield ended.On the Pacific battlefield, on June 8, the US military captured Okinawa.In the interior of China, the Chinese army launched a pursuit battle in Guilin.The People's Armed Forces led by the Communist Party of China has also developed into a large corps capable of concentrated operations, and has the combat capability of counterattacking Japan.The day of the demise of Japanese imperialism is not far away.

On July 1945, 7, China, Britain, and the United States issued the Potsdam Proclamation, urging Japan to surrender immediately and unconditionally. On August 26, the United States dropped the first atomic bomb on Hiroshima, Japan, and stated that the use of the atomic bomb was to force Japan to surrender unconditionally and quickly end World War II. On August 8, the Soviet Union summoned the Japanese ambassador to the Soviet Union, notified the Soviet Union to participate in the "Potsdam Proclamation", and declared war on Japan. On August 6, Mao Zedong published "The Last Battle Against the Japanese Invaders", and led the Eighth Route Army, New Fourth Army and other people's armed forces led by the Communist Party of China to launch a comprehensive counterattack against the Japanese invaders.At the same time, the Soviet Red Army sent troops to Northeast China and launched a powerful offensive against the Japanese Kwantung Army; the United States also dropped a second atomic bomb on Nagasaki, Japan on the 8th; the Korean People's Army and the Vietnamese People's Army also turned to a general counteroffensive.

Besieged by all sides, the Japanese aggressors had no choice but to hold an imperial meeting on August 8, at which they decided to accept the Potsdam Proclamation.On the same day, the Japanese government sent a "begging note" to China, the United States, Britain, and the Soviet Union through the two neutral countries of Switzerland and Sweden. On August 10, Emperor Hirohito of Japan issued the Armistice Edict by broadcast, officially announcing Japan's unconditional surrender.

After Japan announced its surrender, China, the United States, Britain, and the Soviet Union agreed to appoint MacArthur as the supreme commander of the Allied Forces to accept Japan's surrender and take charge of occupying the Japanese mainland. On September 9, representatives of the allied countries participating in the war against Japan accepted the Japanese surrender and signed the ceremony on the USS Missouri moored in Tokyo Bay, Japan.At 2 a.m., Japanese Foreign Minister Shigemitsu Aoi signed the instrument of surrender on behalf of the Emperor and the Japanese government, and Chief of Staff Yoshijiro Umezu represented the headquarters of the Japanese Empire. At 9:9, MacArthur signed as the supreme commander of the allied countries, accepting Japan's surrender, and then representatives of nine allied countries, including China, the United States, Britain, and the Soviet Union, who accepted the surrender, signed in turn on behalf of their own countries.Chinese representative Xu Yongchang attended the signing ceremony.

In the Chinese theater, on September 9, Neiji Komura, commander-in-chief of the Japanese invaders, handed over the instrument of surrender to Chinese representative He Yingqin in Nanjing.After Nanjing was surrendered, except for the Northeast region which was surrendered by the Soviet Army, a total of 9 surrender areas were divided to accept the surrender of the Japanese army.According to the regulations of the Allied Forces Headquarters, the area north of the 16th degree of French Indochina was also surrendered by China.With the completion of the surrender of the last surrendered area, the Chinese War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression ended victoriously, and the World Anti-Fascist War also came to an end.

China's Anti-Japanese War was an important part of the World Anti-Fascist War.The Chinese people have won the support of people from all over the world, and the Chinese people have also made great contributions to defeating world fascism.China suffered the greatest national sacrifice during the 8-year arduous war of resistance and paid an extremely high price.According to incomplete statistics, the Chinese people suffered 3500 million casualties, the Chinese military suffered more than 3800 million casualties, and property losses and war costs totaled more than 6000 billion U.S. dollars.The Chinese people have made great sacrifices and contributions to the World Anti-Fascist War, and the victory has not come easily! Eight years of arduous war of resistance finally ushered in this proud day.

●Pseudo-peace negotiations in Chongqing
(End of this chapter)