Whole brain super learning ability

Chapter 7 Magical Learning Magic (1)
The specificity of knowledge is like the tip of an awl, the concentration of energy is like the force of the awl, and the continuity of time is like driving the awl forward without stopping.

Ebbinghaus learning method

A person with excellent academic performance, in addition to his hard work, his effective learning method also plays a decisive role.Learning effectiveness is most closely related to memory.There are differences in the memory ability of different people, but except for a very small number of people with intellectual disabilities, the difference is not large.If we arrange time to study and review reasonably, we will definitely achieve good results.So how to arrange time reasonably according to people's psychological characteristics?

In 1885, German psychologist Ebbinghaus used nonsense syllables as materials to conduct retention experiments, and discovered and drew the first retention curve or forgetting curve (also known as the Ebbinghaus curve).The result of the experiment is that after 1 hour when the learned material can be memorized, the subject only kept about 40% of the material he had learned. On the first day, he kept only 1%, and on the sixth day it gradually dropped to 33% (as shown in the image below).

100
80
60···
40···
20
1 2 3 4 5 6 31
It can be seen from the figure that the retention curve initially declines sharply, and the decline slows down after a period of time.The curve tends to be horizontal.He believes that although the maintenance curves of each individual are not consistent, the general trend is the same.

According to the Ebbinghaus curve, forgetting has the law of first fast and then slow, and the review must be timely.Please see the following experiment: select two groups of subjects with basically the same intelligence, and study the same passage. Group A had a review shortly after the beginning, while group B had no review.When the two groups were tested at the end of the first day, 2% in group A and 44% in group B were forgotten. 1 week later, 17% of group A had forgotten, and 67% of group B had forgotten.

Not only that, but relevant experiments also show that under the condition that the review time and other conditions are roughly the same, reviewing by stages is more effective than reviewing together.

Contrast of centralized review and phased review

Consolidate review
way grade grade
bad pass good good

Concentrated review of Class A of the fifth grade 6.4% 47.7% 36.6% 9.6%
Grade 1.2 Class A 36.6% 49.4% 3.4% [-]%
Reviewing Class B of the fifth grade in stages 31.6% 36.8% 31.6%
Sixth grade Class B 30.8% 55.5% 13.6%
Concentrated review is to review for 5 hours after learning all the content. Staged review is to review in 4 times throughout the semester, the first half an hour, the second 1 hour, the third 2 hours, and the fourth 1 hours at a time.In addition to reviewing the content of this unit each time, the content of the previous units is also reviewed (except for the first time).

To sum up, only by rationally sorting out information can we achieve firm reinforcement, in order to turn the incoming information into a firm memory.The specific method is: in the process of learning a certain knowledge, adopt the method of learning-review-re-review, that is, after learning a certain content, spend a small amount of time for a review, then learn the next part of the content, and then do it again Learning (including the content of previous learning), and so on, until all the content is learned.

For example, the book "Super Learning Ability Training" has 9 chapters:
If each chapter is regarded as a unit, the steps are:

1. Beginner and Review Chapter 1

2. Beginner and Review Chapter 2

3. Review Chapter 1 and Chapter 2 (small cycle)
4. Beginner and Review Chapter 3

5. Beginner and Review Chapter 4

6. Review Chapter 3 and Chapter 4

7、复习第1、2、3、4章（中循环）
8. Treat Chapters 5 to 9 in the same way as above

9. Review all content (big cycle)
In this way, each content has 4 opportunities to strengthen imprinting, and these 4 times are carried out at different stages in the learning process, which meets the requirements of timely consolidation and continuous consolidation, and thus is conducive to memory.

For example, the Ebbinghaus learning method can be used to memorize words.First, several words are divided into units.Whether using a vocabulary list, a new vocabulary book, or using word cards, they should be classified according to the characteristics of words, and strive to put similar and comparable words together. The number of words in each group is not necessarily equal. Generally, choose 6 to 8 words It is advisable; secondly, carry out circular memory according to the above method according to the number of groups divided.Please note: when memorizing words, the number of units should be appropriately increased. Generally, it is better to choose 8 to 16 groups. This can increase the number of times the words are met and the number of words memorized each time, and improve memory efficiency.In addition, with the improvement of pronunciation level, vocabulary and proficiency in using the method, the word capacity of each group can be gradually increased.

The Ebbinghaus learning method seems to be cumbersome and takes a lot of time on the surface, but it is not.Because you don’t need too much time for each review, as long as you can organize the content and arrange the time reasonably according to the Ebbinghaus learning method based on what you have learned and your own specific situation, you will be able to get twice the result with half the effort.Ebbinghaus learning method is especially practical for students who study while working and have poor memory ability.

The following aspects should be paid attention to when adopting the Ebbinghaus learning method:
First of all, the division of units is not static and should be determined according to the degree of difficulty of the content to be learned, one's ability to accept, memory ability and time.For those chapters with difficult content, and my memory ability is poor, each unit should be appropriately divided a little less; for those easier content, it can be appropriately divided a little more.Generally speaking, the number of divided units (n) should be an even number, preferably: n=2r (where r=1, 2, 3...).

Second, the degree of memory retention depends on the degree of memorization of the material.But it should be noted that when the learning content reaches a certain level of proficiency, increasing the number of reviews will not be of great benefit to memory.Therefore, after learning a certain content to a certain level, you should learn the following content.Even when a certain content is difficult to understand, you can temporarily put it down and learn the following content first, because the learning of the latter content is often helpful to the understanding and memory of the previous content.

Finally, the timing of study and review should be appropriate.Learning new content for the first time is undoubtedly the most.The review in the middle does not need to be too much, as long as it can reach the level of recall.The final total review time should be arranged a little longer, so as to conduct a general review of all the contents.And it should be noted that the important content should be reviewed and consolidated emphatically.Although the Ebbinghaus learning method is cumbersome, it is especially useful for remembering what has been learned.

Simon Learning Method

Professor Simon, the winner of the Nobel Prize in Economics, once put forward such an opinion: "For a person with a certain foundation, as long as he is really willing to work hard, he can master any knowledge within six months." Professor Simon The research results of experimental psychology on which the argument is based show that a person can remember a piece of information in 6 minute to 1 and a half minutes. Psychology calls such a piece of information a "block". It is estimated that the amount of information contained in each subject is about 1 yuan, if you can memorize 5 "block" in 1 minute, then 1 yuan will take about 5 hours. Calculated by studying 1000 hours a week, it will take about 40 months to master a knowledge.In order to thank Simon for this research result, the educational psychology community calls this learning method the Simon learning method.

In order to illustrate it vividly, compare the Simon learning method to an awl.As Mrs. Curie said, "The specificity of knowledge is like the tip of an awl, the concentration of energy is like the force of the awl, and the continuity of time is like making the awl go forward without stopping." Learning activities present a sharp, violent and continuous trend.

Principle: Boil a pot of boiling water. If it is boiled intermittently, it will not boil for 1 hours. If it is continuously boiled, 1 hour is enough.

The Washington Post reports:
David Hamson, a young black boy with disabled legs in Texas, aspired to be a musician when he was 17 years old. He practiced the piano 10 hours a day for a year, and finally made music experts also I am in awe of his superb piano playing art.Unfortunately, due to too much piano practice, he got incurable tenosynovitis.So he studied French for more than 1 hours a day. It took only 10 years to finish all the textbooks of the French major. Finally, he was admitted to the French Department of Cornell University with the first place in French, and transferred to the second grade.Soon he studied archeology again, and it took only half a year to complete the four-year course of university archeology major, and won the first place in an archaeological postgraduate examination in one fell swoop, under the tutelage of famous archaeologist Professor White Bond.

What needs to be pointed out here is that talent is of course a factor, isn't it true that so many archaeological graduates don't have a good talent?Obviously not.In fact, David spent no less time learning this knowledge than professional college students.

Take the 4-year chemistry department at Yale University as an example.The first grade has 46 lessons per week, including 10 chemistry majors and 16 other courses. Among the 20 self-study lessons, there are only 4 self-study chemistry majors.Therefore, there are 14 classes in the chemistry major, totaling 11.66 hours.Study professional courses for less than 12 hours a week, with an average of less than 2 hours a day.And 365 days a year, excluding more than 50 Sundays, summer vacations, winter vacations, statutory holidays, other holidays and social activities, etc., at best it is less than 240 days, 480 hours. If you use the "Simon learning method", you can study for 10 hours a day. In this case, one-year university courses can be completed in only 50 days, while four-year university courses can be completed in only 1 days.

But why is David doing better than other students?The knowledge growth of the Simon learning method is a kind of advantage accumulation, not only in the quantity of knowledge, but also in the quality of knowledge, which is different from traditional learning methods.For example, according to the conventional learning method, after one chemistry class, another class is taken. During this period, due to the pause of the chemistry class and the impact of other classes on the memory of chemical knowledge, a certain amount of time must be allocated to review when taking the second chemistry class. And so on...the more you learn, the more you review.The continuous learning itself includes the continuous use of the knowledge learned, so the time wasted in reviewing can be saved.And because the offensive posture itself is an advantage, it will also produce a quality advantage.The performance of the Matthew effect here is: the more you master this subject in a short period of time, the easier it is to use it flexibly.

Mental preparation: let's go, as long as you walk, you will naturally generate strength.

The Simon study method requires ample mental preparation.Remember that 1 right considerations are worth one flawed action.How could Einstein work for the Nibel Patent Office if he hadn’t posted a self-recommended advertisement on the street saying “Einstein, a high school graduate, teaches physics at 3 francs per hour”?The most typical one is Lomonosov, the father of Russian science. He only knew of "Moscow" from the preface of "Primary Arithmetic". He guessed that there must be a school there. He borrowed 3 rubles and walked more than 1 miles to get there. Didn't Moscow become a great scientist in the end?

Someone said: "If you put so much effort into a course, what if you go the wrong way?" There is such a story in Indian tribes:
Brothers Mohigan and Keos heard that the top of Mount Puluo, thousands of miles away, was full of gold. Mohigan believed it to be true, and went to treasure hunting. Keos was more thoughtful and considered the legend unreliable. .So Mohigan went alone.Moxi went to the top of Puluo Mountain to see nothing after eating and sleeping in the open.The travel expenses were also spent, so he had no choice but to live with a Cote Indian horse herder.And what about Koos?Although he was right in thinking and didn't take the wrong path, he was still the same and gained nothing.

It doesn't matter if you go the wrong way, you are most afraid of people who stay in place.We need to know that the process is also beautiful, and learning is an experience, whether it is right or wrong.

The Simon learning method requires a high degree of concentration.Will frequent use of the brain cause energy exhaustion?Studies have shown that the potential of the human brain is great. It is said that the human brain is composed of 150 billion neurons, and each neuron can receive thousands of different information. The function of the human brain is equivalent to such a huge book It can store the amount of information that is equivalent to a person who has read books for 300 million years.

In terms of memory, according to relevant information, it is assumed that the memory of 18 to 35 years old is 100%, 36 to 60 years old is 95%, and 60 to 85 years old is 85% to 80% on average.After the age of 30, although the memory declines, this defect is made up for by the deepening of understanding and the increase of experience.

Assuming that a person's knowledge is 0, what is his effective knowledge percentage?The knowledge he actually needs is his effective knowledge.People's knowledge is always greater than the knowledge they actually need. The effective knowledge of modern people is about 10% of his total knowledge.It is also advisable to calculate the textbooks in the school to see how much knowledge is required by modern scientific and technological achievements in the textbooks, and then carry out teaching activities based on effective knowledge.There is no need to cover everything, and you should start from reality and choose knowledge according to the needs of creating goals.The knowledge learned in this way is useful.Like an awl, aiming at one eye and drilling down is the most effective.There is another comparison, just like we pick gold sand, the traditional learning method is to mix sand and gold sand to find gold sand, but the Simon learning method is much more direct, which is to absorb gold sand from sand.

People who love learning have no classroom restrictions, and there is no need to put everything in their heads.If you are a swan, please choose the lake; if you are a fish, please choose the sea; if you are a lotus root, please choose the mud; if you want to be a shining star, please choose the night; if you want to exercise the petrel's wings , please go soaring in the storm!
"Pyramid" learning method
We will have such an experience that our study time is always not enough.There are some good learning methods but it's a waste of time.So what kind of method can be used to obtain knowledge to the greatest extent in the shortest possible time?Is it the "spiral ascending" learning method that is advancing step by step, or the "straight-line advancement" learning method that is "deep in depth"?Different people have different views and experiences.Here, let me introduce Professor Christine Bowie's magical "pyramid" learning method.

(End of this chapter)