Fall in love with school, no longer tire of learning

Chapter 18 Student Self-Guidance (5)
According to Gibson's "generalization-differentiation" theory, this is because the isolated content is eye-catching, and it rarely generalizes with other content in the series (a group) of materials.

According to the explanation of the Gestalt school of psychology theory, the "von Restorff effect" is a process of "trace aggregation". Similar stimuli are gathered together to form an aggregate. In the aggregate, some of these similar stimuli The individuality has disappeared, so it is difficult to remember, and the different stimuli in the aggregate retain their individuality, so they are remembered by the brain.

Therefore, we carry out interleaving of arts and sciences when arranging homework. In addition to preventing the interference that may be caused by learning materials of the same or similar nature within a period of time, it can also reflect the "von Restorff effect". The "isolation" effect of learning materials enhances the memory effect.

2. "Overlap effect"

The theory of memory of the cognitive psychology school shows that in the memory activities of one after another, if the memorized things are similar, it is not good for information storage.This is because recurring content and things of the same or similar nature often interfere with each other and inhibit each other, making it easy for people to forget.Psychologist Kohler named this phenomenon "overlapping effect".

Therefore, when we are learning Chinese characters, English words and other materials, we must be careful not to group similar materials together, which is prone to overlapping effects.If you want to study together, at least some of the materials are familiar, which may produce an assimilation effect, that is, assimilate the unfamiliar materials into the memorized materials, otherwise there will be overlap and affect memory.

3. "The Premack Principle"

This is a term from the behaviorist school of psychology, which was proposed by the psychologist Premark in 1965. It refers to the principle of using the stronger response of individual preference to stimulate another learning response with less interest and weaker intensity.

In this experiment, Premack asked the students to choose one of two activities: ①playing a pinball machine; ②eating candy.Of course some students chose the former and some students chose the latter.More interestingly, for students who prefer candy, eating candy as a reinforcement can increase the frequency of playing pinball games; on the contrary, for students who prefer to play pinball games, if playing Using the ball game machine as a reinforcer can increase the amount of candy eaten.Thus, preferred activities can be used to reinforce less preferred activities.Because grandmothers often use this method with their grandchildren, it is also known as the grandmother principle.

Examples of this use of high-frequency behaviors (liked behaviors) as effective reinforcers for low-frequency behaviors (disliked behaviors) abound.For example, "I will let you eat meat after eating these vegetables", "After finishing your homework, I will let you watch TV for an hour" and so on.

Therefore, when we are doing homework, we should first do the homework of the subject that we don't like and don't learn well.This will not only promote the occurrence of this low-frequency activity, avoid procrastination and fear, realize "weak subjects make up for shortcomings", but also promote the development of superior subjects.

4. "The Barrel Principle"

The barrel principle
Strictly speaking, this is a management term noun.The barrel principle was proposed by Peter, an American management scientist.The general idea is that the value of a wooden barrel composed of multiple wooden boards lies in the amount of water it can hold, but the key factor that determines how much water the barrel can hold is not the longest board, but the shortest board.This means that any organization may face a common problem, that is, the various parts that make up the organization often have different advantages and disadvantages, and the disadvantaged part often determines the level of the entire organization.

If it is only used as a figurative metaphor, the "barrel law" can be described as extremely ingenious and unique.However, as it is applied more and more frequently, and its application occasions and scope become wider and wider, it has basically risen from a simple metaphor to a theoretical level.The "barrel" composed of many wooden boards can not only symbolize a company, a department, a team, but also a certain employee, and the maximum capacity of the "barrel" symbolizes the overall strength and competitiveness.

In fact, the weapon for us to win in the exam is the balance of each subject. The success or failure in learning is precisely our weak subject. Therefore, let us start with the homework of the weakest subject first every day. Let's start, make up for your shortcomings, and improve your overall strength.

5. The disgust effect
If learners continue to engage in learning of the same nature, it is easier to gradually lose interest in learning activities (including learning content and learning methods), and then develop an attitude of disgust.This psychological phenomenon is called the disgust effect by the psychologist Lewin.The disgust effect is common in procedural teaching. To overcome this effect, it is a better choice to change the learning content and learning form.When we are tired of a certain learning object, showing fatigue and inhibition, we can change other learning content and shift our attention to other problems of different nature.There are many ways to change the learning form. Generally speaking, three combinations should be paid attention to in the usual study: ① the combination of concentrated learning, decentralized learning, and independent self-study; ② the combination of in-class learning and extracurricular learning; ③ Combination of prescribed content and optional content.

Mastering Brain Science
The brain uses the following principles:
(1) The human brain has two hemispheres, left and right. The left hemisphere is responsible for logical knowledge such as mathematics, physics, and chemistry; the right hemisphere is responsible for creative aspects such as painting and music.

(2) The cerebral cortex is also subdivided into various language centers such as the auditory area, visual area, and writing area.

(3) Necessary mental activities always occur in a specific part of the brain, while cortical areas that have nothing to do with this are in a relatively static state. When a single activity is too strong or takes too long, it will cause this area to lose consciousness. Cortical fatigue.

How to use the brain scientifically?

Candidates should be good at changing the content of learning or enriching the content during the learning process.Should avoid single subject study time is too long, to make each subject cross arrangement review.This allows the various areas of the cerebral cortex to rest in rotation.

How to Prevent Fatigue
1. Learn to rest
Rest can be divided into quiet rest, active rest and alternate rest. ① Quiet rest refers to sleep and rest with eyes closed. ② Active rest is also called active rest, such as walking, playing ball and light physical labor, etc., and you can also chat with others. ③ Alternate rest refers to the interleaving of various subjects of different natures to study, such as interspersed review of literature and science. In this way, the nerve cells of the cerebral cortex will not only not get tired, but also promote each other.

2. Arrange learning content reasonably
Candidates deliberately intersperse the content to be reviewed every day according to the degree of difficulty, review some difficult content, and then review some relatively easy content.

3. Improve the learning environment
When candidates choose the environment, the light should not hinder vision, the study place should be quiet and tidy, and the tables and chairs should be comfortable.

4. Reasonable nutrition deployment

It has already been mentioned in "How to Arrange Candidates' Diet Scientifically", so I won't introduce it here.

5. Music therapy
Emotional factors play an important role in combating fatigue.Positive, optimistic, and happy emotions can accelerate the elimination of fatigue.Beautiful music can lift the candidate's mood and produce a relaxed and happy feeling.Candidates can achieve the purpose of eliminating fatigue by listening to music during the study gap or after study.However, the music listened to must be without lyrics.If there are words in the music, the word information will enter the brain and affect the rest of the brain.In addition, it should be noted that when candidates are listening to music, they cannot think about other things while listening. They must be intoxicated in the music, so that they can completely relax and eliminate fatigue completely.

Elimination of fatigue

Eliminating fatigue can effectively improve the working efficiency of the brain, thereby improving the efficiency of learning.Young friends may wish to try the following fatigue elimination method.

1. Unilateral gymnastics

Because the functions of the left and right hemispheres of the human brain are significantly different, when candidates are studying, the physiological load of the left hemisphere is usually heavier than that of the right hemisphere.Scientific research has proved that gymnastics exercises on one side can eliminate the fatigue of the opposite hemisphere.specific method:
①Stand and look ahead, clenched fist with right hand, exert force on right wrist, bend arm, slowly lift up to the maximum, restore, repeat 8 times;
② Stretch the right leg and lift it up, then fall to the right side, but cannot touch the ground, restore and repeat 8 times;
③Lift the right arm to the right side and then raise it upwards, without moving the head, then raise the left arm upwards, restore the horizontal lifting, repeat 8 times;
④ Lift your toes up, support them with your wrists and toes like a push-up, and repeat 8 times.

2. Fatigue prevention exercises

Because the most common posture for candidates during the review process is sitting posture, because the body leans forward, the breathing is shallow, the lung capacity is reduced, and the substance metabolism function is also reduced, resulting in fatigue.Candidates can eliminate fatigue in a short time if they do fatigue prevention exercises.specific method:
① Do some movements with your chest straight and your back straight, and at the same time use your arms to circle;

②Bend the body backward, stretch the legs and arms, and swing vigorously several times;

③Slowly do a few rounds of head movements, and then gently massage the neck muscles and scapular muscles;

④ Inhale deeply, then exhale slowly;

⑤ With both arms drooping, do several hand movements, tighten your fingers, relax and shake your wrists;
⑥ Leave your seat and walk around.

Find a suitable learning method

For students with extroverted personality, pay attention to the following in the learning method:
(1) Study hard and think deeply.Students with extroverted personality are bright and stubborn, not stage-frightened in exams, can directly put forward their own views and ideas on things, and dare to ask others for advice when encountering problems. These are personality traits that are very beneficial to learning.However, because this kind of students are confident that they "understand quickly", they often treat problems without seeking deep understanding. Even if they ask others for advice, they don't listen carefully to the other party's answers. There is no real "understanding" on the Internet.Therefore, it is necessary to require such students to develop the habit of being eager to learn and think deeply, and to prevent the bad tendency of "tasting and stopping" or "detouring" when encountering problems.

(End of this chapter)