Fall in love with school, no longer tire of learning

Chapter 19 Student Self-Guidance (6)
(2) Strengthen the plan.Students with an extroverted personality often lack planning in their studies. No matter what they do, they mostly start from interests and feelings, so even if they make a study plan, it is difficult to implement it.Therefore, for such a student, he should be required to formulate a detailed study plan by himself, and strictly follow the progress stipulated in the study plan.

(3) All mistakes must be investigated.Students with an extroverted personality usually don't care about the grades and comments, and they don't want to seriously correct the mistakes in the test papers and homework.Students should be helped to develop the habit of correcting their mistakes, and correct their mistakes carefully so as to avoid "repeating the same mistakes".For this reason, it is necessary for students to take notes on wrong answers, that is, to clearly record the wrong answers and questions that they will not do in the notebook and read them frequently.

(4) Ask for help.Extroverted students are often not efficient in reviewing lessons alone. Therefore, it is best to find some introverted students to review homework together, so as to learn from the strengths of others and make up for the shortcomings of their own personality, so as to effectively improve their own learning. efficiency.

For students with introverted personality, pay attention to:
(1) Get rid of inferiority complex.Introverted students tend to have low self-esteem, which can easily lead to restlessness, anxiety and irritability, thus affecting learning efficiency.In order to make students dispel the sense of inferiority in learning, we must educate students: ①Be able to correctly evaluate themselves, that is, not only to be able to see their own shortcomings as they are, but also to be able to see their own strengths appropriately, and they must not be because of some of their own Some are not as good as human beings and cannot see what is human and superior. ②Express yourself correctly, do more things within your ability and have greater control, even if these things are small, don't give up the chance to succeed, you can work hard on the subjects you are good at, and strive to get good grades to enhance learning Confidence. ③Correctly compensate yourself, admit that you have defects in some aspects, but don't bear the burden of thinking, and overcome these defects with the greatest determination and the most tenacious perseverance.

(2) Open-minded.Introverted students tend to be narrow-minded. When their studies fail to achieve their expected goals or their test scores are not satisfactory, they will easily lead to mood swings. Educate students not to pay too much attention to test scores, and not to be pessimistic even if they get bad scores, so as not to affect their enthusiasm for learning and Learning efficiency.

(3) Study alone.Introverted students are often reluctant to participate in group study, and the efficiency is often not high, so it is best to find a quiet place to study alone during warm-up classes.However, students' self-control should be improved to prevent them from wasting study time by sitting alone at the desk and wishing to dream.

give self motivation

A pure white pigeon was locked in a special box.It is very hungry.So I looked around in the box, walked around, trying to find some food, but it was very annoyed—the person who put it in the box didn't put a plate of food at the same time.How to do?The little pigeon was so angry that it pecked everywhere with its sharp beak. "Duk, Tu, Tu..." It was eager to go out and find some food.When its sharp beak pecked a small round window with light, a miracle happened-a food ball fell out from there, and the little pigeon of course swallowed it unceremoniously.The stupid little pigeon didn't immediately understand the value of this small round window after eating the food ball. It still pecked everywhere. Then he realized that this was the window where the food was served, and since then he learned not to peck around, and just peck at the small round window where the light shines.

This is an animal learning experiment conducted by Professor Skinner of American Indian University and Harvard University.According to the results of his long-term research, he put forward the learning theory of operant conditioning.This theory reveals another way of learning that is different from classical conditioned reflex learning, that is, the change of animal and human behavior (learning results) does not have to start with stimuli, but can also start with its own spontaneous behavior. After several times of reinforcement (encouragement), consolidation becomes the learning result.In the classroom, when the teacher asks the students to learn or remember something, he will repeatedly emphasize and repeat it-this is to give stimulation, and the students will follow the teacher's request to learn and remember again and again, and finally learned, this kind of learning It is classical conditioning learning.In another situation, a student wants to acquire certain knowledge or skills, so he reads books, finds information, and tries to solve problems. "And experiencing the joy of success, in short, tasted the "sweetness" of success (this is called being strengthened), so that he mastered the knowledge and skills and prompted him to continue learning.This is operant conditioning learning.

The learning of operant conditioning emphasizes reinforcement and feedback.The reinforcement mentioned here is to give the necessary encouragement to the correct response, thereby increasing the frequency of the correct response.As soon as the above-mentioned little pigeon touched a brightly lit window (correct response), it was given food (encouragement of response), so it kept pecking at the window (increased frequency of response).This is to strengthen the response through the incentive effect of reinforcement.Students learn a certain knowledge (reaction), and through exercises, homework, answering questions, etc., they are affirmed or self-affirmed (reinforced) by the teacher, so the knowledge is consolidated.In learning, whether the learning result is correct or not is recognized as a stimulus and returned to the mind of the student. This process is feedback.Feedback can be used as a reinforcement of learning outcomes and motivation.

Operational conditioning learning seems to be more conducive to students' self-study and to play the role of students as the main body.

Based on the learning principle of operant conditioning, Skinner put forward the idea of ​​program teaching, advocating the compilation of program textbooks with exercises and answers according to the necessary program series of textbooks, so as to facilitate students' self-study and promote students' independent thinking. Control the progress by yourself and learn repeatedly to achieve the best effect of learning.At present, experimental research on program teaching is being carried out in foreign countries and in my country. The research carried out by psychological workers headed by Professor Lu Zhongheng of the Institute of Psychology in my country has abandoned Skinner's theory of ignoring the internal process of learning, ignoring students' subjective initiative and ignoring The tendency of students' intellectual activities has created a new self-study-tutoring teaching method, which has been explored and experimentally researched in more than 5000 experimental classes in many provinces, cities, and autonomous regions across the country.They compiled a series of self-study teaching materials including textbooks, exercise books, answer books and test books for students to study by themselves.When studying, the teaching materials are distributed to the students, and the students study and practice by themselves, compare the answer books by themselves, and approve the homework by themselves. The average self-study time of each class accounts for 4% to 66.7%. , questions, answers and summaries, etc., each class does not exceed 88.9 to 10 minutes.After completing a unit of study, a test is given, and the teacher corrects and analyzes the mistakes.This self-study tutoring teaching method has remarkable effects on students' solid mastery of knowledge, cultivation of self-study ability and transfer of self-study ability, especially for students who are "not agile but down-to-earth" type.

Speaking of this, some students will ask, we have not participated in the self-study-tutoring teaching experimental class, what is the use of this set of theories and methods for us?
Next, please take a look at Xiao Mingli's experience:
"When I was in the first semester of the second year of junior high school, I suddenly got hepatitis and was admitted to the hospital. The illness was not too serious, but from hospitalization to isolation and recuperation after discharge, my homework was delayed for more than 50 days. My mother often said that the second grade of junior high school was This is a critical period of learning and intellectual development. This time, I really didn’t know what to do. My mother said to me: “Think about it. In order to lay a good foundation, should you take a break from school for a year and re-study?” If you really don’t want to do this, you can also try to use the time of recuperation to study by yourself, and make up for the missed classes. If you can keep up with it, then you can continue.’ I don’t want to repeat a grade (although it’s not because of failing), of course Don't let go of this opportunity that might catch up.

I have been recuperating at home for more than 20 days. I arrange a study plan for self-study every day. My mother is a university teacher. She cannot directly help me with my homework. However, she taught me how to study, which greatly benefited my study.When I recovered from illness and returned to school, not only did I make up all the homework I missed, but it was also easy to learn new lessons from my classmates.In the second semester of the second year of junior high school, my academic performance ranked third in the whole grade.

My self-study experience is:
First of all, you should browse the learning materials in general, and then divide them into small units one by one according to the chapters, sections, and paragraphs of the textbook.When learning a small unit, first understand the concept, and then seriously think about the connection between the content of the textbook, and never simply recite the content, definition or formula of the text.For different subjects, my learning progress is also different.The understanding of liberal arts is easier, and the progress is faster.In science, the progress is slow when learning concepts and principles. I will not give up until I have a thorough understanding. When doing exercises, I can choose the most critical questions to do, which can speed up.

Secondly, every time you study a small unit, try to ask questions through your own thinking, or compare the exercises with the thinking questions left by the teacher.Students often send me homework to answer.I answer either verbally (thinking while talking), or by writing. In order to save time, I only write out the outline of the answer when I answer by hand, and I 'follow the movie' in my mind about the specific content.

Again, every time I do an exercise or answer a question, I have to find the correct answer and check it. This method is called "feedback" in psychology books, which allows me to obtain feedback information on my own learning results. What is right and what is done well is what I have learned, and after reviewing, it will be consolidated.Where there is a mistake, it means that I have not mastered it well, so I quickly find out the reason for the mistake and correct it. If you have any difficulties, ask a classmate or someone else to ask, or find some reference books to read.Through this kind of 'feedback', not only can it help me to master the knowledge accurately, but also I can know the effect of my learning every step of the way. It made me persevere in learning.

After this stage of self-study, I really tasted the sweetness of self-study. The sweetness mainly lies in the fact that I feel that I have become the master of learning, and I feel that learning is a lot of fun; I no longer have any fear of learning. "

Friends, Xiao Mingli's practice and experience may inspire you in your studies, right?

(End of this chapter)