Fall in love with school, no longer tire of learning

Chapter 2 Psychological overview of study weariness (2)
People often encounter setbacks, and the results can be both positive and negative.If setbacks do not exceed the individual's ability to bear, it is a kind of tempering. It can guide the individual's cognition to produce creative changes, increase the ability to solve problems, and guide people to use better methods to meet their needs.However, if the setback is too long and too strong, which exceeds the individual's ability to bear, it may cause emotional turmoil, adverse reactions, or behavioral deviations.The endurance here refers to the frustration tolerance or tolerance, that is, whether the individual can bear the setbacks and whether he can get out of the predicament so as to avoid the imbalance of psychology and behavior.If a person is often tempered by adversity and has rich life experience, he will be able to treat setbacks correctly, analyze the causes of setbacks correctly, and find a reasonable psychological adaptation method, then he will be able to "sit firmly in a fishing boat despite the wind and waves".However, a person who has been pampered since childhood, can satisfy all needs and desires, and has a smooth life, will be at a loss, be in a state of tension, and have serious emotional reactions when there is a little wind and waves.

It can be seen that whether a person will have psychological barriers depends not only on whether he has suffered setbacks, but also on whether he has the ability to withstand setbacks.Deliberately tempering one's tolerance for setbacks is of great significance to a person's mental health. It is still Mencius who said: "Heaven will send a great mission to the people, and they must first work hard on their minds and minds, exhaust their muscles and bones, and starve their bodies. His body is empty, and his behavior is disturbed by his actions, so he moves his mind and patience, and gains what he can't do."

stress generation

Stress is a nervous response state that the body adapts to the environment due to the imbalance between objective requirements and coping ability under the action of certain environmental stimuli.When various stimuli in the environment in which people live act on people, the stimuli will be perceived by people, which will cause subjective evaluation, and then produce a series of corresponding psychological and physiological changes, and make corresponding responses to the stimuli.When the stimulus is relatively strong and exceeds the normal response ability of the body, it will cause the imbalance of the body's psychological and physiological balance-the nervous response state appears, that is, the body enters a state of stress.In other words, a strong stimulus elicits a stress response in the organism if it requires an extraordinary effort to mount an adaptive response.

When people enter a state of stress, they will mobilize various potentials and concentrate all kinds of strength to take active actions to cope with the tense situation.So the state of stress has its positive side to the organism.Specifically, stress can make people have special defense and risk-removal functions, and mobilizing potential can make people energetic, intensify their vitality, enhance their ability to respond, and save themselves from danger in time.An excessive sense of urgency can also promote learning and work, which is conducive to improving the efficiency of activities.The state of stress also has a negative effect, which can narrow the range of consciousness, reduce the cognitive function, and lose self-estimation, so that the actions and behaviors are somewhat confused.The long-term stress state is very unfavorable, even dangerous, because a series of stress changes in the body under strong stimulation will cause autonomic, biochemical changes and psychological changes. A complex series of responses.The long-term continuation of the stress state will gradually exhaust people's various potentials, and eventually cause people's psychological and physical pathological changes.

Psychological and behavioral manifestations of stress
The emergence of a state of stress is always accompanied by a series of psychological and behavioral reactions. The following will mainly talk about the emotional and behavioral performance of people in a state of stress.

1. Emotional response
Some people have found through research that stress makes people's emotions develop in two directions: low or high.When depressed, people's facial expressions are cold, their sense of humor decreases or disappears, and they often feel melancholy, hopeless, depressed, and depressed.When the mood is high, the mood is particularly agitated, or excited, or irritable, angry, resentful, jealous, fearful, and often expresses itself regardless of the occasion.This abnormal situation of extremely low or high mood is an inevitable response to a certain state of stress.

2. Behavior
(1) Aggressive behavior.This is a behavior that people often engage in when they are stressed, which is associated with angry behavior.Aggression can be directed at the person or thing that caused the stressful state, which is called direct aggression.The method can be ridicule, cursing, beating or even killing people.Attacks can also be done in an indirect way. When the target of the attack is too powerful to provoke or cannot be attacked, the target of the attack will be turned to a weaker target, which is the so-called "scapegoat".Ah Q in Lu Xun's works bullied the little nun because he couldn't provoke the fake foreign devils, which is a typical behavioral reaction of attack and transfer.Indirect attacks can also be directed at oneself, such as self-punishment or even suicide.

(2) Inhibition or avoidance of sexual behavior.A behavioral response related to emotions such as depression and fear that is often adopted in a stressful state.Inhibitory behaviors are manifested as reduced activity, taciturnity, apathy, sluggish expression, withdrawal behavior, avoidance of reality, and fatigue.When it is severe, there is a state of stupor, numbness, and a state of deep depression that cannot be voluntarily.The avoidance reaction is often out of the fear of fear, but sometimes it is also a strategy out of judgment and thinking, that is, "36 tricks, take the best trick".

(3) Stereotyped behavior.This often occurs in situations of acute stress, due to the accompanying mental confusion, tendency to repeat ineffective behaviors, also known as "pathological fixation behavior", such as a theater fire, people want to rush out, but often push and pull desperately A locked door, although the door cannot be opened, the more you repeat this action, the more likely you will lose the opportunity to escape, but people often continue to repeat this action.In addition, reckless and reckless reckless behavior is also a manifestation of stereotyped behavior.

(4) Habitual insomnia behavior.It occurs when a person still cannot get rid of the challenge of strong stimulation after many times of coping, and thinks that he is unable to change the status quo. Seek spiritual sustenance from time to time, believe in religious superstition, and pray to gods and Buddhas for the blessing of gods.

(5) Pouring and venting behavior.People in stressful situations often seek to share their concerns with family and friends.One is to vent the accumulated anger in the heart, and the other is to seek sympathy and comfort from others.

(6) Special reaction behavior.Some people smoke heavily to drive away their worries and annoyances;In fact, these are useless for coping with stress.

Types of psychological conflict

Psychological conflict is the pain caused by the individual due to the uncertainty of choosing between two or more contradictory desires and the contradiction with objective practice; the other is the contradiction between needs and non-needs.Psychologists divide psychological conflict into 3 categories:
1. Bidirectional conflict

There are two coexisting goals that both meet one's own needs. Due to the limitations of actual conditions, the two cannot be achieved at the same time. At this time, a psychological conflict arises where it is difficult to make a choice between the two.If the two goals cannot be obtained at the same time due to economic or personal capacity constraints, one must be selected and the other goal discarded.Dual-tendency conflicts sometimes make people distressed, but this kind of conflict is easier to eliminate and will hardly cause behavioral obstacles, such as choosing a marriage partner among two equally beautiful, quiet, and kind girls.Once one goal is achieved in such conflicts, the attraction of the other goal is automatically lost.

2. Double-avoidance conflict

There are two coexisting goals that are against one's own needs, but due to the force of the objective environment, one has to choose one of the goals in order to avoid the other.When making such a choice, a double-avoidance conflict arises. For example, if a high-rise building catches fire, the individual faces two threats of being burned to death and falling to death from the high-rise building.Both are not beneficial to the individual, and both are targets to be avoided. Due to the objective situation, only one of them can be accepted before the other can be avoided.If you choose to jump from a high building, you can avoid the danger of being burned to death.But you must make a choice and endure the double-avoidance conflict.Compared with the double-tendency conflict, the double-avoidance conflict is more severe.

3. Approach-avoidance conflict

For the same goal, it can satisfy a certain need, but at the same time it may also constitute a threat, resulting in avoidance conflict when making a choice.For example, if a classmate participates in a group activity, when he is invited, it is difficult for him to say "no" to avoid losing this opportunity, but because he thinks that he is withdrawn, not good at socializing, clumsy and tongue-tied, he is afraid that he will not be able to stay in the activity. When making such a choice, they often fall into the predicament of hesitation due to weighing the gains and losses, causing strong dissatisfaction.

In real life, psychological conflicts not only occur frequently but also are complicated, often cannot be properly resolved, and become a disturbing factor in people's spiritual life.If the psychological conflict intensifies and becomes super-intensive and unbearable, or if the psychological conflict is not super-intensive but continues to act for a long time, it will lead to tension and anxiety, which is not conducive to mental health.Intense or persistent negative emotions combined with a predisposition to health may be the main cause of some diseases.

adaptation to psychological conflict
When people encounter setbacks and conflicts, they will work hard to cope, and try to adjust themselves or the environment to make adaptive responses and get rid of difficulties and distress.Adaptive responses to conflict include the following:

[-]. Ego defense response

1. Repression
Everyone will inevitably have some motive conflicts that are not tolerated by society, and this kind of psychological pressure is not easy to vent, so they are suppressed and restrained to exclude them from memory.Of course, the repressed things do not disappear, but are restrained by willpower, lurking for a period of time (possibly quite a long time), and may still escape when there is an opportunity, such as touching the scene, dreaming, slip of the tongue, gaffes, etc., and even turning into a mental disorder , Mental disorders and other physical and mental diseases.Denial, self-deception, self-mutilation, and detachment are all different forms of repression.

2. Excuse
When a person pursues something but cannot get it, or his behavior does not conform to social norms, in order not to lose face, reduce inner disappointment, and maintain personal self-esteem, he must find a high-sounding reason to justify himself, just like not being able to eat Grapes are like sour grapes, so it is called "sour grape psychology".It is only an expedient measure to dilute the inner anxiety and pain.This kind of practice of always trying to give a reasonable explanation for what one does is commonly known as "finding mistakes."Prevarication is also a kind of finding fault.

The Sorrows of Young Werther Illustrations

3. Sublimation
It means that when a person's instinctive impulse or his own consciousness cannot be accepted and tolerated, and it is also intolerable by social morality, he should change his course in time, and guide the motivation or desire that is not recognized by the society to a more noble direction, so that it has Creativity, constructiveness, in line with social norms and requirements, to be purified, improved and then vented to maintain psychological balance.There are many examples of sublimation in history, such as Goethe's famous novel "The Sorrows of Young Werther" that shocked Europe after falling out of love.Sublimation is a positive form of self-defense.

4. Acknowledge
Life is like a mess, it is impossible to figure out everything and conform to one's own wishes and understanding.Occasionally give in and change your perception.People with great ambitions look far ahead and "take a step back to broaden the world".As long as the big things are not affected, you don't have to insist too much on the insignificant things. Making concessions and agreeing can relieve your worries.

5. Fantasy
Through the role of memory and imagination, put yourself in an ideal state, deal with setbacks and conflicts with a fictional method that is divorced from reality, deal with psychological disturbances in fantasy, and satisfy desires.For example, the spiritual victory method adopted by Ah Q in Lu Xun's works, and others use the superstitious method of believing in fate to ease inner conflicts.This method of self-comfort, fictional imagination, and praying to God and Buddha can relieve tension to a certain extent, but it is also easy to fall into a situation of separation from reality and cause greater troubles.Fantasy, if used properly, can also inspire a person to work hard.One of the common forms of fantasy is "daydreams" and "spiritual dinners," whereby one escapes from reality and finds gratification in fantasy.

6. Be good at expressing your heart

When you can’t solve your emotional turmoil, go to a teacher, relatives, friends, or other trustworthy people to express your feelings, use humor or "comparing your heart to your heart" and other ways to express your heart tactfully or bluntly, adjust your inner conflicts, and seek counseling from others and pointing.

[-]. Direct control method
1. Think less

Only do or think about one thing in a certain period of time to reduce the mental burden.Psychologists believe that in the face of many things that need to be dealt with urgently, the mental pressure is high, and it is easy to suffer from depression, mental breakdown and other diseases.

2. Indifference
Indifference is definitely not emotional indifference, insensitivity, or indifference. It is an emotional experience and inner activity. It is just to temporarily store the unhappiness after frustration in the bottom of the heart to alleviate troubles and play a role in stabilizing and regulating emotions.

3. Language suggestion
Language has unique high-level psychological functions, and language hints will have a wonderful influence and regulation on people's emotions and even behaviors.It can relax tension and relieve bad emotions.Language hints can use silent internal language, or talk to yourself, or shout loudly in no one's place to enhance the effect, and you can also spur yourself by hanging words.

4. Isolation
It is a reaction to withdraw from an unsatisfying situation and try to avoid contact with reality.If you are criticized, avoid talking with friends and classmates to reduce worries.

5. Compensation
The power to turn certain emotions into actions has a restorative and compensatory function.If you don't look good, you will concentrate on your studies and scientific research, and get compensation from your studies and career achievements.

[-]. Direct Behavioral Control

1. vent anger

That is, "seeking a scapegoat", directing anger on innocent people is an indirect attack that changes the target.For example, the husband gets angry and goes home to vent to his wife, and the husband and wife quarrel and beat their children.Although its anger is not directly directed at the target, but because it is vented, it can calm the mood for a while.

2. stubborn
Deliberately repeating an invalid action, although this action has no effect, but still doing it to express one's dissatisfaction, often cannot be replaced by other appropriate actions.

3. Humor
Replacing direct personal attacks with indirect attacks, a look of contempt, a harsh sarcasm, or a half-truth with a deep meaning in a joke can make the other party feel humiliated, thereby alleviating one's resentment.

4. Attack
This is a behavior that arises out of negativity and is dominated by anger.Such as ridiculing, reprimanding, beating, or even killing the object of frustration.

5. Divert attention

That is, shift your attention from negative emotions to positive ones.Such as listening to music when you are depressed, or forcing yourself to do some actions that are contrary to passion, such as opening windows and pacing.In addition, activities such as outings and viewing scenery are also effective ways to divert attention and dispel troubles, just as Wang Xizhi said: "Emotions change with the situation, and emotion is what it is!"

The three stages of development of mental illness

When people have mental illness, most of them have a development and evolution process from shallow to deep, from mild to severe.If we understand its development process, it will help to judge the extent of the "sickness" of the mentally ill patients, and then we can take corresponding measures in a targeted manner.

There are generally three stages of development of mental illness:
(1) Initial stage.The main physiological and psychological manifestations are that after receiving internal or external stimuli of the body, there will be direct or even immediate "reactive" (also called "responsive") changes.For example, screaming, denying, ignoring, palpitations, elevated blood pressure and other phenomena."Patients" belonging to this stage generally show the following conditions:
①Some "patients" laugh at themselves.Their actions often seem to be done unconsciously and unconsciously, and they even "deceive themselves" to justify their actions, thinking that their actions are rationalized and idealized.For example, if he did something stupid, when others criticized or dissuaded him, he would plausibly say something like "You don't understand!", "You're an amateur" and so on.

(End of this chapter)